Studium przypadku dyglosji językowej w języku pundżabskim i zmiany językowej w prowincji Beludżystan
PDF (English)

Słowa kluczowe

zmiana językowa
nieład polityczny
postawy społeczne

Jak cytować

Alizai, K. (2021). Studium przypadku dyglosji językowej w języku pundżabskim i zmiany językowej w prowincji Beludżystan. Pedagogika Społeczna Nova, 1(2), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.14746/psn.2021.2.10

Abstrakt

Language shift is a social phenomenon where one language substitutes another. In the social phe- nomenon of language attrition strong reasons are needed to enable the action such as environmental, social, political, economical and geographical changes. Proposed study detects Language Shift of Pun- jabi speech community which is the permanent settler of the Baluchistan province. Punjabi speakers, also being to a minority ethnic community are disinclined to articulate/accept their linguistic, ethnic and geographic identity. By this vein, the study aims to explore the social as well as political factors that are the pavestones for this linguistic and ethnic shift of Punjabi speakers. The study is qualitative in nature as the data was collected via semi-structured interview. The data is collected form 25 interviewees by executing the purposeful sampling means. The recorded interviews were transcribed and assigned codes by applying the technique of thematic analysis. The results have shown that the local communi- ties, other than Punjabi (e.g., Pushto, Balochi and Brahui) have negative attitudes for Punjabi language due to various historical, political events such as Army operations and state prejudice in which Punjab and federal government played key role. As a result, Punjabi language suffered the badly and expe- rienced a drastic linguistic drop. Regardless of age, whole speech community is weighed down with a causal danger and threat of being labeled and stigmatized in general arena. Social bigotry and intol- erance of Baluchistan’s local speech communities towards the Punjabi speech community resulted in language shift/attrition or less fluent speakers of Punjabi language.

https://doi.org/10.14746/psn.2021.2.10
PDF (English)

Bibliografia

Abbas T., Mahear S.A., The Consequences of Cultural Exclusion in Pakistan’s Siraiki Region, „Grassroots” 2015, 53–66.

Ahmed F., Pakistan: Ethnic Fragmentation or National Integretion?, „The Pakistan Development Re- view” 1996, 35(4), 631–645.

Asif S.I., Seraiki Language and Ethnic Identity, https://waseb.wordpress.com/2010/04/20/seraiki-lan-guage-and-ethnic-identity-by-dr-saiqa-imtiaz-asif/ [accessed: 15.06.2018].

Bizenjo T., Baba-e-Balochistan: Statements, Speeches and Interviews of Mir Ghous Bux Bizenjo, Quetta 1999.

Braun V., Clarke V., Using Thematic Analysis in Psycholgy, „Qualitative Research in Psychology” 2006, 3(2), 77–101.

Crystal D., Language Death, Cambridge 2000.

Dehwar M., Saeed M., Contemporary History of Balochistan, Quetta 1994.

Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed M.A., Endangered Languages: Heritage of Humanity in Dire Need of Protection. Four Approaches Which Support Their Preservation and Maintenance, „Folios” 2007, 26, 65–70.

Fishman J., Language Maintenance and Language Shift as a Field of Inquiry, „Linguistics” 1964, 9, 32–70.

Fishman J., Reversing Language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages, Clevedon 1991.

GOP (Government of Pakistan), Ministry of Minorities, Minorities Affairs Division, www.pakistan.gov.pk [accessed: 11.06.2006].

Hashmi R.S., Baloch Ethnicity: An Analysis of the Issue and Conflict with State, „JRSP” 2015, 52(1), 57–84.

Khan A., 7 Renewed Ethnonationalist Insurgency in Balochistan, Pakistan, [in:] J.S. Chima, Ethnic Subnationalist Insurgencies in South Asia: Identities, Interests and Challenges to State Authority, London 2015.

Khan A., Baloch Ethnic Nationalism in Pakistan: From Guerrilla War to Nowhere?, „Asian Ethnicity” 2003, 4(2), 281–293, DOI: 10.1080/14631360301655.

Marmion D., Obata K., Troy J. (eds.), Community, Identity, Wellbeing: The Report of the Second National Indigenous Languages Survey, Canberra 2014.

Odrowąż-Coates A., Socio-educational Factors and the Soft Power of Language: The Deluge of English in Poland and Portugal, New York 2019.

Rahman T., English in Pakistan, [in:] T. Rahman, Language Policy, Identity and Religion: Aspects of the

Civilization of the Muslims of Pakistan and North India, Islamabad 2009.

Renfrew C., Archaeology and Language: the Puzzle of Indo-European Origins, London 1987.

Tsitsipis L.D., A Linguistic Anthropology of Praxis and Language Shift: Arvanitika (Albanian) and Greek in Contact, Oxford 1998.

UNESCO, Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001325/132540e.pdf [accessed: 12.06.2007].

UNESCO, Endangered Languages, http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=8270&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html [accessed: 12.06.2007].

United Nations Member States, http://www.un.org/members/list.shtml [accessed: 14.06.2007].

Wirsing R.G., Baloch Nationalism and the Geopolitics of Energy Resources: The Changing Context of Separatism in Pakistan, http://www.lulu.com [accessed: 12.06.2007].