Abstrakt
Celem artykułu jest określenie roli umów i kontraktualizacji społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu (CSR) w kontekście globalnych łańcuchów wartości. Kluczowym problemem badawczym jest zrozumienie, jak umowy wpływają na funkcjonowanie łańcuchów i jak wykorzystuje się je do promowania CSR. Do przeprowadzenia badań wykorzystano literaturę z zakresu nauk prawnych, politycznych i ekonomicznych. Dodatkowo wykorzystano źródła w postaci wzorów umów i polityk korporacyjnych przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych. Pozwoliło to na przeanalizowanie struktury łańcucha, konsekwencji istnienia wiodących przedsiębiorstw i kształtu relacji umownej w łańcuchach. Ustalono, że umowy pełnią kilka ról. Przede wszystkim są narzędziem do organizacji i zarządzania łańcuchami; umowy regulują relacje biznesowe, optymalizują koszty i minimalizują ryzyko funkcjonowania łańcuchów. Jednocześnie tworzą one niezależne reżimy prawne, co pozwala na eliminowanie kwestii sprawiedliwości i równości oraz funkcji redystrybucyjnych prawa prywatnego w relacjach umownych. Wynika to zasadniczo z istnienia wiodących przedsiębiorstw i wykorzystywania przez nie zjawiska nierówności w łańcuchach. Jest to widoczne w kontraktualizacji CSR przez szczególne klauzule umowne. Klauzule CSR pozwalają na przenoszenie na podmioty słabsze kosztów i odpowiedzialności za negatywne efekty zewnętrzne. W artykule proponuje się analizę poszczególnych umów w kontekście całego łańcucha. Pozwalałoby to na lepsze zrozumienie relacji pośrednich i bezpośrednich oraz proporcjonalne rozkładanie kosztów i odpowiedzialności między podmiotami w łańcuchu. Na taką konstrukcję pozwala m.in. implementowanie samoregulacji przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych do relacji umownej. Artykuł wypełnia lukę w polskim piśmiennictwie, koncentrując się na roli prawa prywatnego w łańcuchach, zwłaszcza w kontekście umów. Ustalenia tej pracy mają znaczenie dla zrozumienia funkcjonowania łańcuchów i roli umów w kształtowaniu relacji biznesowych i praktyk handlowych związanych z implementacją CSR.
Finansowanie
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) Research Grants – One-Year Grants for Doctoral Candidates, 2023/24, 91869881
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