Keywords
vertical and horizontal direct effect
scope of application of the EU non-discrimination principle
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
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Abstract
The article concentrates on a fundamental issue related to the effect of the EU non-discrimination principle. The preliminary research assumption was that the main purpose of extending the scope of its effectiveness, which can be observed in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice, is primarily the wish to protect victims of discrimination, and only then to eliminate the situation in which discriminating entities avoid responsibility in this respect. It is also worth considering the consequences of the concept adopted in the case-law, namely that the EU non-discrimination principle has both vertical and horizontal direct effects. As a result, the first part of the article presents the development of the jurisprudence concerning the direct effect of the non-discrimination principle. Then the groundbreaking ruling in the case of Cresco Investigation GmbH (C-193/17) is discussed in detail. Finally, the analysis covers the reasons, scope and possible effects of the approach according to which the EU non-discrimination principle can be invoked directly in national courts
also in the context of disputes between private parties. The final conclusions indicate possible further development trends in terms of the direct effect of the EU non-discrimination principle.
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