Abstract
Holiday celebrations are extremely energy-consuming, but they also produce energy that allows the community to survive and affirm the distinctiveness of human beings as a species. For many people, they are the only times of the year when they can satisfy all their needs, feel that nothing is lacking, and finally stop worrying. Celebrating a holiday is also a time when we can feel better than we do in everyday life – at last, we are able to feel the way we would like to always feel. At the same time, such times are associated with waste, the senseless consumption of precious resources. These paradoxes and pitfalls associated with celebration also lie in the fact that it is not only a time of reconciliation, of reuniting what is usually separated, but also something that divides, especially when it comes to class distinctions and ideas of the good life. Considering the intersection of celebration and energy offers an opportunity to show how complex discussions of comfort really are, and how often we overlook the fact that, for many people, comfort is a very rare and fleeting experience. At the same time, the few moments in which it is given to them are subject to harsh criticism, as thoughtless waste, unacceptable excess, or a lack of solidarity.
References
Adam, B. (2010). Czas. Sic!
Appadurai, A. (2009). Strach przed mniejszoś ciami: esej o geografii gniewu (M. Bucholc, tłum.) Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Bataille, G. (2002). Część przeklę ta oraz Ekonomia na miarę wszechś wiata. Granica uż ytecznego (K. Jarosz, tłum.). Wydawnictwo KR.
Bauman, Z. (2001). On mass, individuals, and peg communities. The Sociological Review, 49(2_suppl), 102–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2001.tb03552.x
Bennett, J. (2023). Creels and catenary wires: Creating community through winter lights displays. Journal of Material Culture, 28(2), 246–263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13591835221089547
C&A. (b.d.). Ekologiczne Święta Bożego Narodzenia – jak dbać o środowisko naturalne na gwiazdkę. https://www.c-and-a.com/pl/pl/shop/ekologiczne-swieta
Canetti, E. (1996). Masa i władza (E. Borg i M. Przybyłowska, tłum.). Czytelnik.
Chancel, L., Bothe P., i Voituriez T. (2023). Climate Inequality Report 2023. https://wid.world/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CBV2023-ClimateInequalityReport-3.pdf
Csikszentmihalyi, F. (2023). Flow. Stan przepływu: zanurzyć się w doświadczeniu, płynąć z jego nurtem, smakować życie (A. Haduła, tłum.). Feeria.
Deleuze, G., i Guattari, F. (1999). Percept, afekt i pojęcie. Sztuka i Filozofia, 17, 10–26. https://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media/texts/sztuka-i-filozofia-art-and-philosophy/1999-tom-17/sztuka_i_filozofia-r1999-t17-s10-26.pdf
Dudzik, W. (2005). Karnawał w kulturze. Sic!
Dunbar, R. (2023). Religijni. Jak ewolucja wierzeń wpływa na historię i kulturę człowieka (K. Kalinowski, tłum.). Copernicus Center Press.
Durkheim, E. (2011). Elementarne formy życia religijnego. System totemiczny w Australii (A. Zadrożyńska, tłum.). Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Edensor, T., i Millington, S. (2009). Illuminations, class identities and the contested landscapes of Christmas. Sociology, 43(1), 103–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038508099100
Eichberg, H. (2009). The energy of festivity: Atmosphere, intonation and self-orchestration in Danish popular sports. W: J Bale i A. Bateman (red.), Sporting sound (s. 99–112). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203887974_chapter_5
Eliade, M. (2008). Sacrum i profanum. O istocie religijności (B. Bogdan, tłum.). Alethei.
Haq, G., Owen, A., Dawkins, E., i Barrett, J. (2007). The carbon cost of Christmas: SEI report. http://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1088.4808
Hintz, L., i Quatrini, A. L. (2021). Subversive celebrations: Holidays as sites of minority identity contestation in repressive regimes. Nationalities Papers, 2, 289–307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.43
Kracauer, S. (1987). Ornament z ludzkiej masy. W: H. Orłowski (red.), Wobec faszyzmu (C. Jenne, tłum., s. 11–24). Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.
Krajewski, M., i Olszewski, L. (2003). Sztuka w mieście: Zewnę trzna Galeria AMS 1998–2002. AMS.
Le Bone, G. (2012). Psychologia tłumu. Studium powszechnego umysłu (C. Matkowski, tłum.). Helion.
Payback. (b.d.). Ekologiczne święta Bożego Narodzenia firmy Payback. https://www.payback.pl/ekstra/swieta/swieta-ekologiczne?adobe_mc_ref=https://www.google.com/
Tarde, G. (1903). The laws of imitation. Henry Holt & Company.
Tarkowska, E. (1987). Czas w społeczeństwie: problemy, tradycje, kierunki badań. Ossolineum.
Turner, E. (2012). Communitas: The anthropology of collective joy. Palgrave Macmillan.
Turner, V. (1978, 4–9 October). In and out of time: Festivals, liminality and communitas. Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife. Smithsonian. https://festival.si.edu/articles/1978/in-and-out-of-time-festivals-liminality-and-communitas
Turner, V. (2010a). Liminality and communitas. W: H. Bial (red.), The performance studies reader (s. 358–374). Routledge.
Turner, V. (2010b). Proces rytualny: struktura i antystruktura (E. Dżurak, tłum.). Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Vihalemm, T., i Harro-Loit, H. (2019). Measuring society’s temporal synchronization via days of importance. Time & Society, 28(4), 1333–1362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X17752555
Werbner, P. (1997). The enigma of Christmas: Symbolic violence, compliant subjects and the flow of English kinship. The Sociological Review, 44(1_suppl), 135–162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1996.tb03439.x
Westwing. (b.d.). Jak zorganizować ekologiczne święta? 5 wskazówek firmy Westwing. https://www.westwing.pl/c/campaign/?pr=fetch
License
Copyright (c) 2025 WPiA UAM

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
