Abstract
Ecosystem services delivered by green infrastructure (GI) and their influence on the quality of life in cities is a dynamically developing research field in Europe. Actions undertaken in this topic are stimulated by EU, which encourage Member States to map and assess the state of ecosystems and their services in their territories. An important step implementing these guidelines in Poland was a pilot study, commissioned by the Ministry of the Environment, which included a comparative analysis of the largest agglomerations in Poland in terms of the distribution of GI and their potential for providing ecosystem services. The aim of this paper is to present the approach proposed in this study and its main findings.
References
Arnold Ch.L. Jr., Gibbons C.J. 1996. Impervious Surface Coverage: The Emergence of a Key Environmental Indicator. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(2): 243–258.
Andersson E., Barthel S., Borgström S., Colding J. 2014. Reconnecting Cities to the Biosphere: Stewardship of Green Infrastructure and Urban Ecosystem Services. AMBIO, 43(4): 445–453.
Bencat F., Supuka J. 1988. Rola roślinności i gleby w kształtowaniu środowiska życia człowieka na terenach miejskich. [W:] R. Olaczek (red.), Zasoby glebowe i roślinne – użytkowanie, zagrożenie, ochrona. Wyd. PWRiL, Warszawa, s. 275–288.
Benedict M.A., McMahon E.T. 2006. Green infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century. Island, Washington, DC.
Bolund P., Hunhammar S. 1999. Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Economics, 29(2): 293–301.
Burton E., 2000. The Compact City: Just or Just Compact? A Preliminary Analysis. Urban Studies, 37(11): 1969–2001.
CICES, Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services – version 4.3, update January 2013 (Wspólna Międzynarodowa Klasyfikacja Usług Ekosystemowych – CICES w. 4.3, aktualizacja styczeń 2013 r.).
Coles R.W., Bussey S.C. 2000. Urban forest landscape in the UK – progressing the social agenda. Landscape and Urban Planning, 52(2–3): 181–188.
Cortinovis Ch., Geneletti D. 2008. Ecosystem services in urban plans: What is there, and what is still needed for better decisions. Land Use Policy, 70: 298–312.
Costanza R., dArge R., de Groot R., Farber S., Grasso M., Hannon B., Limburg K., Naeem S., O’Neill R.V., Paruelo J., Raskin R.G., Sutton P., van den Belt M. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630): 253–260.
Geneletti D., Cortinovis Ch., Zardo L., Esmail B.A. 2020. Planning for Ecosystem Services in Cities. Springer, Cham.
Gómez-Baggethun E., Barton D.N. 2013. Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning. Ecological Economics, 86: 235–245.
Grahn P., Stigsdotter U. 2003. Landscape planning and stress. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 2(1): 1–18.
Haines-Young R., Potschin M. 2013. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services(CICES): Consultation on Version 4, August-December 2012.EEA Framework Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003.
Haines-Young R., Potschin M. 2018. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) V5.1 and Guidance on the Application of the Revised Structure.
Hansen R., Pauleit S. 2014. From multifunctionality to multiple ecosystem services? A conceptual framework for multifunctionality in green infrastructure planning for urban areas. AMBIO, 43(4): 516–529.
Jakubowski K. 2018. Włączanie mieszkańców w działania na rzecz zieleni. Zrównoważony Rozwój – Zastosowania, 6: 57–71.
Kabisch N. 2015. Ecosystem service implementation and governance challenges in urban green space planning – The case of Berlin, Germany. Land Use Policy, 42: 557–567.
Kossowska-Cezak U. 1983. Wpływ zieleni miejskiej na warunki termiczno-wilgotnościowe. Prace i Studia Geogr., 4.
Kothencz G., Kolcsár R., Cabrera-Barona P., Szilassi P. 2017. Urban Green Space Perception and Its Contribution to Well-Being. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14: 766.
Kremer P., Hamstead Z., Haase D., McPhearson T., Frantzeskaki N., Andersson E., Kabisch N., Larondelle N., Lorance Rall E., Voigt A., Baró F., Bertram C., Gómez-Baggethun E., Hansen R., Kaczorowska A., Kain J.-H., Kronenberg J., Langemeyer J., Pauleit S., Rehdanz K., Schewenius M., van Ham C., Wurster D., Elmqvist T. 2016. Key insights for the future of urban ecosystem services research. Ecology and Society, 21(2): 29.
Kuttler W. 1993. Stadtklima. [W:] H. Sukopp, R. Wittig (red.), Stadtökologie. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Larondelle N., Haase D., Kabisch N. 2014. Mapping the diversity of regulating ecosystem services in European cities. Global Environmental Change, 26: 119–129.
Larson L.R., Jennings V., Cloutier S.A. 2016. Public Parks and Wellbeing in Urban Areas of the United States. PLoS One. 11(4): e0153211.
Lovell S.T., Taylor J.R. 2013. Supplying urban ecosystem services through multifunctional green infrastructure in the United States. Landscape Ecology, 28(8): 1447–1463.
Maes J., Zulian G., Thijssen M., Castell C., Baró F., Ferreira A.M., Melo J., Garrett C.P., David N., Alzetta C., Geneletti D., Cortinovis C., Zwierzchowska I., Louro Alves F., Souto Cruz C., Blasi C., Alós Ortí M.M., Attorre F., Azzella M.M., Capotorti G., Copiz R., Fusaro L., Manes F., Marando F., Marchetti M., Mollo B., Salvatori E., Zavattero L., Zingari P.C., Giarratano M.C., Bianchi E., Duprè E., Barton D., Stange E., Perez-Soba M., van Eupen M., Verweij P., de Vries A., Kruse H., Polce C., Cugny-Seguin M., Erhard M., Nicolau R., Fonseca A., Fritz M., Teller A. 2016. Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services. Urban Ecosystems. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
McGarigal K., Cushman S.A., Neel M.C., Ene E. 2002. FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html).
McMahon E.T. 2000. Green Infrastructure. Planning Commissioners Journal, 37: Winter.
Mizgajski A., Zwierzchowska I., Stępniewska M., Zajączkowski D. 2015. Urban MAES – usługi ekosystemowe na obszarach zurbanizowanych. Opracowanie wykonane na zlecenie Ministerstwa Środowiska na podstawie umowy nr DLP/4/2015.
Nedkov S., Zhiyanski M., Dimitrov S., Borisova B., Popov A., Ihtimanski I., Yaneva R., Nikolov P., Bratanova-Doncheva S. 2017. Mapping and assessment of urban ecosystem condition and services using integrated index of spatial structure. One Ecosystem, 2: e14499.
Nielsen T.S., Hansen K.B. 2007. Do green areas affect health? Results from a Danish survey on the use of green areas and health indicators. Health and Place, 13.
Pauleit S., Duhme F. 2000. Assessing the environmental performance of land cover types for urban planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 52(1): 1–20.
Pisarek M. 2017. Znaczenie terenów zieleni w świadomości mieszkańców Tarnowa. Topiarius, Studia Krajobrazowe, Wydanie Monograficzne, t. 2.
Richter B., Grunewald K., Meinel G. 2016. Analyse von Wegedistanzen in Städten zur Verifizierung des Ökosystemleistungsindikators “Erreichbarkeit öffentlicher Grünflächen” [Analysis of path distances in cities for verification of the ecosystem service indicator ‘accessibility of urban green spaces’]. AGIT – Journal Für Angewandte Geoinformatik, 2: 472–781.
Sandifer P.A., Sutton-Grier A.E., Ward B.P. 2015. Exploring connections among nature, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being: Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation. Ecosystem Services, 12: 1–15.
Słodczyk J., Klimek R. 2004. Nowe tereny mieszkaniowe w strukturze przestrzennej Opola. [W:] J. Słodczyk (red.), Przemiany struktury przestrzennej miast w sferze funkcjonalnej i społecznej pod redakcją naukową. Wyd. Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole, s. 121–138.
Szulczewska B. 2019. Zielona infrastruktura – czy koniec historii? KPZK PAN, 189, Warszawa.
Tyrväinen L., Pauleit S., Seeland K., de Vries S. 2005. Benefits and Uses of Urban Forests and Trees. [W:] C.C. Konijnendijk, K. Nilsson, T.B. Randrup, J. Schipperijn (red.), Urban Forest and Trees. Springer, Berlin–Heidelberg–New York.
Tzoulas K., Korpela K., Venn S., Yli-Pelkonen V., Kaźmierczak A., Niemela J., James Ph. 2007. Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure: A literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 81(3): 167–178.
van der Waals J.F.M. 2000.The compact city and the environment: A review. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 91(2): 111–121.
Zepp H., Mizgajski A., Mess C., Zwierzchowska I. 2016. A Preliminary Assessment of Urban Ecosystem Services in Central European Urban areas. A Methodological Outline with Examples from Bochum (Germany) and Poznań (Poland). Berichte. Geographie und Landeskunde, 90, 1: 67–84.
Zimny H. 2005. Ekologia miasta. Agencja Reklamowo-Wydawnicza Arkadiusz Grzegorczyk, Warszawa.
Zwierzchowska I., Hof A., Iojă I.-C., Mueller Ch., Poniży L., Breuste J., Mizgajski A. 2018. Multi-scale assessment of cultural ecosystem services of parks in Central European cities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 30: 84–97.
Zwierzchowska I., Stępniewska M., Łowicki D. 2010. Możliwości wykorzystania programu Fragstats w badaniach środowiska przyrodniczego. Przegląd Geograficzny, 82, 1: 85–102.