Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the theoretical background on over- and under-politeness as well as on conventionalised irony. It goes on to explore these phenomena in relation to a collection of suppliant scenes by Euripides, since they are easy to compare in terms of the narrative pattern and the role performed by the characters. Along with other examples from the sample, this article attempts to propose that the idioms οὐκ οἶδ’ ἐγώ ‘I am not aware that’, ὡς ἔοικε ‘it seems’ and βούλῃ (+ subj. / acI); ‘do you want…?’, εἰ βούλῃ ‘if you want’ are likely cases of conventionalised overpoliteness.
References
Alba Juez 1998: Alba Juez, L. 1998. “On the conventionalization of verbal irony in English: A corpus-based study.” En Perspectivas pragmáticas en lingüística aplicada. Ed. por I. Vázquez Orta e I. Guillén Galve, 11–18. Zaragoza: Anubar.
Allan 2001: Allan, W. 2001. Euripides: The Children of Heracles. Oxford: Aris & Phillips.
Athanasiadou, Colston 2017: Athanasiadou, A. y Colston, H. L. eds. 2017. Irony in Language Use and Communication. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Barrios-Lech 2016: Barrios-Lech, P. 2016. Linguistic Interaction in Roman Comedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Battezzato 2020: Battezzato, L. 2020. "Oedipus and Tiresias: Im/politeness Theory and the Interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus". En Pragmatic Approaches to Drama Studies in Communication on the Ancient Stage. Ed. por G. Martin, F. Iurescia, S. Hof y G. Sorrentino, 187–212. Leiden: Brill.
Bravo 2003: Bravo, D. 2003. “Actividades de cortesía, imagen social y contextos socioculturales: una introducción.” En Actas del Primer coloquio del programa EDICE, 98–107. Estocolmo.
Berger 2017a: Berger, Ł. 2017a. “Estrategias de la cortesía positiva en la apertura diálogica en Plauto y Terencio.” Revista de Estudios Latinos 17: 11–35.
Berger 2017b: Berger, Ł. 2017b. “The old man and Linguistic Politeness in the comedies of Plautus.” Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae 27(3): 249–273.
Brown, Levinson 1987: Brown, P. y Levinson, S. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Burgers, Steen 2017: Burgers, C. y Steen, G. J. 2017. “Introducing a three-dimensional model of verbal irony.” En Irony in Language Use and Communication. Ed. por A. Athanasiadou y H. L. Colston, 87–108. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Collard 1975: Collard, C. 1975. Euripides: Supplices (2 vols.). Groningen: Bouma.
Colston 2017: Colston, H. L. 2017. “Irony performance and perception.” En Irony in Language Use and Communication. Ed. por A. Athanasiadou y H. L. Colston, 19–41. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Comrie 1976: Comrie, B. 1976. “Linguistic politeness axes: speaker–addressee, speaker–referent, speaker–bystander.” Pragmatics Microfiche 1(7): 1–12.
Culpeper 2011: Culpeper, J. 2011. Impoliteness: using language to cause offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Denniston 1954: Denniston, J. 19542 (1934). The Greek particles. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dickey 2006: Dickey, E. 2006. “The use of latin sis as a focus-marking clitic particle.” Oxford University Working Papers in Linguistics, Philology & Phonetics 11: 21–25.
Dickey 2016: Dickey, E. 2016. “Politeness in ancient Rome: can it help us evaluate modern politeness theories?” Journal of Politeness Research 12(2): 197–220.
Diggle 1994: Diggle, J. 1994. Euripidea. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Eelen 2001: Eelen, G. 2001. Critique of Politeness Theories. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
Fedriani 2017: Fedriani, C. 2017. “Quapropter, quaeso? ‘Why, for pity’s sake?’ Questions and the pragmatic functions of quaeso, obsecro and amabo in Plautus.” En Pragmatic Approaches to Latin and Ancient Greek. Ed. por C. Denizot y O. Spevak, 83–112. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Fish 2017: Fish, K., Rothermich, K. y Pell, M. D. 2017. “The sound of (in)sincerity.” Journal of Pragmatics 121: 147–161.
Gregory 1999: Gregory, J. 1999. Euripides: Hecuba. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gibbs, Samermit 2017: Gibbs Jr, R. W. y Samermit, P. 2017. “How does irony arise in experience?”. En Irony in Language Use and Communication. Ed. por A. Athanasiadou y H. L. Colston, 43–59. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Giora et al. 2017: Giora, R. et al. 2017. “Defaultness shines while affirmation pales.” En Irony in Language Use and Communication. Ed. por A. Athanasiadou y H. L. Colston, 219–236. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hall 2009: Hall, J. 2009. Politeness and Politics in Cicero’s Letters. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harris 2001: Harris, S. 2001. “Being politically impolite: extending politeness theory to adversarial political discourse.” Discourse and Society 12(4): 451–472.
House, Kasper 1981: House, J. y Kasper, G. 1981. “Politeness markers in English and German.” En Conversational Routine: Explorations in Standardized Communication Situations and Prepatterned Speech. Ed. por F. Coulmas, 157–185. La Haya / París / Nueva York: Mouton.
Jackson 1955: Jackson, J. 1955. Marginalia Scaenica. Londres: Geoffrey Cumberlege.
Jebb 1894: Jebb, R. C. 1894. Sophocles: The Electra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Katz 2017: Katz, A. 2017. “The standard experimental approach to the study of irony.” En Irony in Language Use and Communication. Ed. por A. Athanasiadou y H. L. Colston, 237–254. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kleinknecht, Souza 2017: Kleinknecht, F. y Souza, M. 2017. “Vocatives as a source category for pragmatic markers.” En Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles. New perspectives. Ed. por C. Fedriani y A. Sansò, 257–287. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kopperschmidt 1966: Kopperschmidt, J. 1966. Die Hikesie als dramatische Form. Tubinga (tesis de doctorado).
Leech 1983: Leech, G. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. Londres / Nueva York: Longman.
Leech 2014: Leech, G. 2014. The Pragmatics of Politeness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Levinson 2013: Levinson, S. C. 2013. Action formation and ascription. En The handbook of conversation analysis. Ed. por J. Sidnell y T. Stivers, 103–130. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Matthiessen 2010: Matthiessen, K. 2010. Euripides: Hekabe. Berlín / Nueva York: De Gruyter.
Mendoza Ibáñez 2017: Mendoza Ibáñez, F. J. R. 2017. “Cognitive modeling and irony.” En Irony in Language Use and Communication. Ed. por A. Athanasiadou y H. L. Colston, 179–200. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
Morwood 2007: Morwood, J. 2007. Euripides: Suppliant women. Oxford: Aris & Phillips (Oxbow).
Naiden 2006: Naiden, F. 2006. Ancient supplication. Oxford / Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
Pearson 1907: Pearson, A. C. 1907. Euripides: The Heraclidae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pexman, Olineck 2002: Pexman, P. y Olineck, K. M. 2002. “Does Sarcasm Always Sting? Investigating the Impact of Ironic Insults and Ironic Compliments.” Discourse Processes 33(3): 199–217.
Rodríguez-Piedrabuena 2019: Rodríguez-Piedrabuena, S. 2019. La lengua de los personajes. Caracterización lingüística en la obra de Eurípides a partir de los Heraclidas. Universidad de Sevilla (tesis de doctorado).
Rodríguez-Piedrabuena (en prensa): Rodríguez-Piedrabuena, S. (en prensa). “(Im-)politeness Strategies in Euripides. An Approach to Linguistic Characterisation through Qualitative Data Analysis.” Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum.
Risselada 1993: Risselada, R. 1993. Imperatives and other directive expressions in Latin. Ámsterdam: Brill.
Ruiz Yamuza 2015: Ruiz Yamuza, E. 2015. “Periferias derecha e izquierda en griego antiguo.” En Europa Renascens. Ed. por C. Macías Villalobos et al., 513–553. Zaragoza: Pórtico.
Schegloff 1968: Schegloff, E. A. 1968. “Sequencing in conversational openings.” American anthropologist 70(6): 1075–1095.
Sidnell 2010: Sidnell, J. 2010. Conversation Analysis: An Introduction. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Stevens 1971: Stevens, P. T. 1971. Euripides: Andromache. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tompkins 1968: Tompkins, D. 1968. Stylistic characterization in Thucydides. Yale University (tesis de doctorado).
Watts 2003: Watts, R. J. 2003. Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Watts 2005: Watts, R. J. 2005 (1992). “Linguistic politeness research: Quo vadis?.” En Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice. Ed. por R. J. Watts, S. Ide y K. Ehlich, xi–xlvii. Berlín / Nueva York Mouton de Gruyter.
Wilkins 1995: Wilkins, J. 1995 (1993). Euripides: Heraclidae. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
License