Słowa kluczowe
Lucan
irony
comic
epic
Roman Republic
decay
caricature
hero
Jak cytować
Liczba wyświetleń: 243
Liczba pobrań: 206
Abstrakt
In spite of the fact that Lucan’s sympathies are apparently with the Republicans, his attitude to Pompey, which emerges from the Pharsalia, turns out to be rather critical. Moreover, this criticism actually comes very close to ridicule. Lucan depicts Pompey as a senile and narcissistic leader who dwells on his past success and lives in the world of his own fantasies. Trapped in the vicious circle of his delusions of grandeur, he is rather grotesque than majestic. The harder he tries to enhance his public image, the more pathetic he becomes both in the eyes of his friends and in those of his enemies. The effects of his efforts are, therefore, quite contrary to their purpose. On the one hand, the figure of the senile and deluded Pompey is the caricature of the decaying Roman Republic, whose degeneracy it obviously mirrors. On the other hand, however, Lucan’s grotesque anti-hero is the exact opposite of archetypal epic characters such as Virgil’s Aeneas. Willing yet unable to emulate his literary predecessors, he functions as the caricature of the literary paradigm of a standard epic hero.Bibliografia
Ahl 1976: F. Ahl, Lucan: An Introduction, Ithaca–London 1976.
Ambühl 2010: A. Ambühl, Lucan’s ‘Ilioupersis’ – Narrative Patterns from the Fall of Troy in Book 2 of the Bellum Civile, in: N. Hömke and Ch. Reitz (eds), Lucan’s Bellum civile: between epic tradition and aesthetic innovation, Berlin–New York 2010, 17–38.
Augoustakis 2006: A. Augoustakis, Cutting Down the Grove in Lucan, Valerius Maximus and Dio Cassius, CQ 56 (2006), 2, 634–638.
Bagnani 1955: G. Bagnani, “Sullani Manes” and Lucan’s Rhetoric, “Phoenix” 9, 1 (Spring, 1955), 27–31.
Balsdon 1951: J.P.V.D. Balsdon, Sulla Felix, JRS 41, 1–2 (1951), 1–10.
Bartsch 1997: S. Bartsch, Ideology in Cold Blood: A Reading of Lucan’s “Civil War”, Cambridge (MA) 1997.
Bernstein 2011: N. Bernstein, The Dead and their Ghosts in the “Bellum Civile”, in: P. Asso (ed.), Brill’s Companion to Lucan, Leiden 2011, 257–279.
Brisset 1964: J. Brisset, Les idées Politiques de Lucain, Paris 1964.
D’Alessandro Behr 2007: F. D’ Alessandro Behr, Feeling History: Lucan, Stoicism, and the Poetics of Passion, Columbus, OH 2007.
Deratani 1970: N.F. Deratani, Der Kampf für Freiheit, Patriotismus und Heldentum im Gedicht Lucans „Über den Bürgerkrieg”, in: W. Rutz (ed.), Lucan, Darmstadt 1970, 133–148.
Dinter 2010: M. Dinter, Und es bewegt sich doch! Der Automatismus des abgehackten Gliedes, in: N. Hömke and Ch. Reitz (eds), Lucan’s “Bellum civile”: between epic tradition and aesthetic innovation, Berlin–New York 2010, 175–190.
Dinter 2012: M. Dinter, Anatomizing “Civil War”. Studies in Lucan’s Epic Technique, Ann Arbor 2012.
Esposito 1996: P. Esposito, La morte di Pompeo in Lucano, in: G. Brugnoli, F. Stok (eds), Pompei exitus. Variazioni sul tema dall’Antichità alla Controriforma, Pisa 1996, 75–123.
Fantham 1992(a): E. Fantham, Lucan’s Medusa-Excursus: Its Design and Purpose, MD 29 (1992), 95–119.
Fantham 1992: E. Fantham (ed. with a comm.), Lucan, “De Bello Civili”, Book II , Cambridge 1992.
Fantham 2011: E. Fantham, Roman Readings. Roman Response to Greek Literature from Plautus to Statius and Quintilian, New York 2011.
Feeney 1986: D.C. Feeney, “Stat magni nominis umbra.” Lucan on the Greatness of Pompeius Magnus, CQ 36, 1 (1986), 239–243.
Fratantuono 2012: L. Fratantuono, Madness Triumphant. A Reading of Lucan’s “Pharsalia”, Lanham, MD, 2012.
Frye 1973: N. Frye, Anatomy of Criticism. Four essays, Princeton 1973.
Green 1991: C.M.C. Green, “Stimulos Dedit Aemula Virtus”: Lucan and Homer Reconsidered, “Phoenix” 45, 3 (Autumn, 1991), 230–254.
Green 1994: C. M. C. Green, “The Necessary Murder”: Myth, Ritual, and Civil War in Lucan, Book 3, ClAnt 13, 2 (October 1994), 203–233.
Hardie 2012: P. Hardie, Rumour and Renown. Representations of Fama in Western Literature, Cambridge 2012.
Helzle 2010: M. Helzle, Indocilis privata loqui: The Characterization, in: Ch. Tesoriero (ed.), Oxford Readings in Classical Studies. Lucan, Oxford 2010, 355–368.
Henderson 1998: J. Henderson, Fighting for Rome: Poets & Caesars, History & Civil War, Cambridge 1998.
Henderson 2010: J. Henderson, Lucan. The World at War, in: Ch. Tesoriero (ed.), Oxford Readings in Classical Studies. Lucan, Oxford 2010, 433–492.
Hübner 1974: U. Hübner, Eine Übersehene Metonymie in Lucans Pharsalia, RhM 117, 3–4 (1974), 350–357.
Hübner 1984: U. Hübner, Episches und Elegisches am Anfang des dritten Buches der Pharsalia, “Hermes” 112, 1 (1984), 227–238.
Hunink 1992: V. Hunink, Lucan’s “Bellum Civile”, Book III . A Commentary, Amsterdam 1992.
Johnson 1987: W.R. Johnson, Momentary Monsters: Lucan and his Heroes, Ithaca 1987.
Keith 2011: A. Keith, Ovid in Lucan: The Poetics of Instability, in: P. Asso (ed.), Brill’s Companion to Lucan, Leiden 2011, 111–132.
Lebeck 1971: A. Lebeck, The Oresteia. A S tudy in Language and Structure, Washington, 1971.
Lebek 1976: W.D. Lebek, Lucans Pharsalia. Dichtungsstruktur und Zeitbezug, Göttingen 1976.
Leigh 1997: M. Leigh, Lucan: Spectacle and Engagement, Oxford 1997.
Leigh 2009: M. Leigh, Neronian Literature: Seneca and Lucan, in: M. Griffin (ed.), A Companion to Julius Caesar, Oxford 2009, 239–251.
Lintott 1971: A.W. Lintott, Lucan and the History of the Civil War, CQ 21, 2 (Nov., 1971), 488–505.
Loupiac 1992: A. Loupiac, La poétique des éléments dans la Pharsale, BAGB 2 (1992), 247–266.
Lowe 2011: D. Lowe, Tree-Worship, Sacred Groves and Roman Antiquities in the Aeneid, PVS 27 (2011), 99–128.
Malamud 2003: M. Malamud, Pompey’s Head and Cato’s Snakes, CPh 98, 1 (Jan., 2003), 31–44.
Masters 1992: J. Masters, Poetry and Civil War in Lucan’s Bellum Civile, Cambridge 1992.
Masters 1994: Deceiving the Reader: the Political Mission of of Lucan Bellum Civile 7, in: J. Elsner and J. Masters (eds), Reflections of Nero. Culture, history, & representation, Chapel Hill 1994, 151–177.
Matthews 2008: M. Matthews, Caesar and the Storm. A Commentary on Lucan De Bello Civili, Book 5 lines 476–721, Bern 2008.
Menz 1970: A. Menz, Caesar und Pompeius im Epos Lucans, in: W. Rutz (ed.), Lucan, Darmstadt 1970, 360–379.
Merli 2005: E. Merli, Historische Erzählung und epische Technik in Pharsalia 4, 581–842, in: Ch. Walde (ed.), Lucan im 21. Jahrhundert, München–Leipzig 2005, 111–129.
Morford 1996: M.P.O. Morford, The Poet Lucan, Oxford 1996 (2 ed.).
Narducci 1979: E. Narducci, La provvidenza crudele. Lucano e la distruzione dei miti augustei, Pisa 1979.
Ormand 1994: K. Ormand, Lucan’s Auctor vix fidelis, ClAnt. 13, 1 (Apr., 1994), 38–55.
Papaioannou 2005: S. Papaioannou, Epic Transformation in the Second Degree: The Decapitation of Medusa in Lucan, BC 9, 619–889, in: Ch. Walde (ed.), Lucan im 21. Jahrhundert, München–Leipzig 2005, 216–236.
Pichon 1912: R. Pichon, Les sources de Lucain, Paris 1912.
Pypłacz 2009: J. Pypłacz, Los elementos cómicos en la “Orestía” de Esquilo, CFC(G) 19 (2009), 103–114.
Radicke 2004: J. Radicke, Lucans Poetische Technik. Studien zum historischen Epos, Leiden 2004.
Roche 2009: P. Roche (ed. with an introd. and comm.), Lucan: De Bello Civili, Book I, Oxford 2009.
Rosner-Siegel 1983: J. A. Rosner-Siegel, The Oak and the Lightning: Lucan, Bellum Civile 1. 135–157, “Athenaeum” 61, 1–2 (1983), 165–177.
Rowland 1969: R.J. Rowland, The Significance of Massilia in Lucan, “Hermes” 97, 2 (1969), 204–208.
Rutz 1963: W. Rutz, Die Träume des Pompeius in Lucans Pharsalia, “Hermes” 91, 1 (1963), 334–345.
Sannicandro 2010: L. Sannicandro, “Ut generos soceris mediae iunxere Sabinae”. Die Gestalt Julias in der Pharsalia Lukans, in: N. Hömke and Ch. Reitz (eds), Lucan’s Bellum civile: between epic tradition and aesthetic innovation, Berlin–New York 2010, 39–52.
Saylor 2003: Ch.F. Saylor, Open and Shut: the Battle for Massilia in Lucan, Pharsalia III , “Latomus” 62, 2 (Avril-Juin 2003), 381–386.
Scott 1925: K. Scott, The Identification of Augustus with Romulus-Quirinus, TAPA 56 (1925), 82–105.
Seewald 2008: M. Seewald, Studien zum 9. Buch von Lucans Bellum Civile, Berlin 2008.
Sklenář 2003: R. Sklenář, The Taste for Nothingness. A S tudy of „Virtus” and Relate Themes in Lucan’s “Bellum Civile”, Ann Arbor 2003.
Stok 1996: F. Stok, Il sogno e l’apoteosi (modelli e suggestioni del Pompeo di Lucano), in: G. Brugnoli, F. Stok (eds), Pompei exitus. Variazioni sul tema dall’Antichità alla Controriforma, Pisa 1996, 35–74.
Tarrant 1976: R. J. Tarrant (ed. with a comm.), Seneca, “Agamemnon” Cambridge–New York 1976.
Thorne 2011: M. Thorne, Memoria redux. Memory in Lucan, in: P. Asso (ed.), Brill’s Companion to Lucan, Leiden 2011, 363–381.
Von Albrecht 1970: M. von Albrecht, Der Dichter Lucan und die epische Tradition, in: M. Durry (ed.), Lucain, Vandoeuvres–Genève 1970, 267–308.
Licencja