Abstract
The aim of this paper is to highlight a problematic use of the Portuguese tense Pretérito Perfeito Composto in comparison to the use of English Present Perfect and Spanish Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto. A great number of mistakes in use of this tense is observed in the students’ production in their L3 Portuguese as a result of apparent similarity between the Portuguese and the Spanish tense. The article is expected to present differences in temporal and aspectual approaches of these tenses. The use of Portuguese construction is much more restricted, limited in fact to the imperfect, repeated or prolonged actions that continue in the present. However, the apparent similarities in form provoke the students to transfer the tense constructions from the other languages. We observe the mechanisms of transfer and try to underline the essential differences in usage of these tenses.References
Barroso, Henrique (2007): Para uma gramática do aspecto no verbo português, Diss. Doutoramento. Disponível: URL: http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/7987, consulta 02.01.2013
Casanova, Isabel (2006): Linguística Contrastiva, O ensino da língua inglesa. Lisboa: Universidade Católica Editora.
Ceolin, Roberto (2003): Falsos amigos estruturais entre o português e o castelhano. IANUA 4, 39-48. Disponível em URL: http://www.romaniaminor.net/ianua/ianua04/ianua04_05.pdf, consulta 03.01.2013.
Cunha, Celso; Cintra, Lindley (1984): Nova gramática do português contemporâneo. Lisboa: Edições João Sá de Costa.
Guia American Express (2004): Lisboa. Porto: Dorling Kindersley – Civilização Editores. Kellerman, Eric; Sharwood Smith, Michael (1986): Cross-linguistic Influence in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.
Lyons, John (1968): Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mateus Maria Helena; Brito, Ana Maria; Duarte, Inês; Faria, Isabel (2003): Gramática da língua portuguesa. Lisboa: Editorial Caminho.
Poulisse, Nanda; Bongaerts, Theo (1994): «First language use in second language production». Applied Linguistics 15 (1): 36-57.
Saraiva, António José (1993): As crónicas de Fernão Lopes. Lisboa: Gradiva.
Silva, Catarina Pereira (2009): Oposições aspectuais em português como língua segunda: o caso dos falantes de russo em contexto de imersão. Tese de Mestrado, Coimbra. disponível em: URL: https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/13482/1/Tese_mestrado_Catarina%20Silva.pdf, consulta: 02.01.2013.
Singleton, David (1987): «Mother and other tongue influence on learner French: A case study». Studies in Second Language Acquisition 9 (3): 327-345. Vildomec, Vèroboj (1963): Multilingualism. Leyden: A.W. Sythoff.
License
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)