Abstract
The article is focused on accounts of journeys in Sicily performed by Polish columnists and historians in the period of 1949-1989. In other words it embraces almost half century of history of Poland that went through one of the most difficult moments in its days. Lack of freedom of expression, lack of freedom of movement throughout Europe resulted in a situation that only few could travel by establishing positive relationships with the communist authorities. Descriptions of Sicily from that period published by both writers (Marian Brandys, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz) and historians (Joanna Olkiewicz), as well as publicists (Waldemar Łysiak, Marian Kałuża) present the island in a biased and shallow way. Beside Iwaszkiewicz book, which at times evokes Krasiński journals, we can deal with accounts focused on widely criticized political and economic situation. Thanks to those descriptions Polish readers, during the regime, could have consolidated their belief as to the poor life conditions in the West (particularly in Sicily). What is more there would be nothing to regret if they weren’t able to reach those destinations. It constitutes a radical difference with the way of depicting Sicily in XVIII and XIX century by Polish travelers. Then the island was presented in poetic and colorful way, and the descriptions were really encouraging to travel.References
BRANDYS, Marian (1953a): Spotkania włoskie [Incontri italiani]. Warszawa: Wyd. Nasza Księgarnia.
BRANDYS, Marian (1953b): Spotkania włoskie [Incontri italiani]. Warszawa: Czytelnik.
BRILLI, Attilio (2006): Il viaggio in Italia. Bologna: Il Mulino.
DI MATTEO, Salvo (2000): Il grande viaggio in Sicilia. Viaggiatori stranieri nell’Isola dagli Arabi ai nostri giorni, Introduzione Orazio Cancila. Palermo: Ed. Arbor.
DOLCI, Danilo (1974): Sycylia od środka, trad. A. Konicki. Warszawa: Iskry.
DUŻYK, Józef (1985): Wędrówki włoskie [Passeggiate italiane]. Warszawa: PAX.
GRIGENTI, Vincenzo (2014): Operazione ‘Solidarnosc’. Caltanissetta: Salvatore Sciascia Editore.
IWASZKIEWICZ, Jarosław (1956): Książka o Sycylii [Il libro sulla Sicilia]. Kraków: Wyd. Literackie.
KAŁUŻA, Roman (1979): Zejście z autostrady słońca [L’uscita dall’autostrada del Sole]. Warszawa: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza.
LA ROSA, Giuseppe (1996): La Sicilia come mito in Goethe e nei viaggiatori tedeschi. Palermo: Promopress.
LEED, Eric J. (1992): La mente del viaggiatore. Bologna: Il Mulino.
ŁYSIAK, Waldemar (1974): Wyspy zaczarowane [Isole incantate]. Warszawa: Wyd. PAX.
MAGRIS, Claudio (1990): Introduzione. L’altrove narrato. Forme del viaggio in letteratura. Novara: Ist. Geografico De Agostini.
OLIVIERI, Mario (1997): Viaggi. Persistenze e variazioni nell’idea di viaggio. Perugia: Ed. Guerra.
OLKIEWICZ, Joanna (1975): Sycylia w kalejdoskopie historii i legendy [La Sicilia nel caleidoscopio della storia e della leggenda]. Warszawa: Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza.
License
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)