Two decades of research on ELT textbook content: A bibliometric and content analysis
Journal cover Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, title Online First
PDF

Keywords

ELT textbook content
bibliometric analysis
content analysis
vocabulary
gender ideology

How to Cite

Xu, J., & Ye, F. (2025). Two decades of research on ELT textbook content: A bibliometric and content analysis. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.39278

Number of views: 510


Number of downloads: 219

Abstract

Using high-quality articles obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection, this paper seeks to offer an overview of research on ELT textbook content spanning from 2003 to 2022. We first identify publication trends, prolific journals, highly cited papers, and influential references. Then, we code the collected data across four dimensions: research topics, analytical tools, textbook types, and textbook levels. Key findings reveal that there is growing academic interest in this field, with vocabulary and gender ideology as prominent themes, alongside emerging topics like task, linguistic complexity, and environmental values; and we find that corpus-based and (critical) content analyses are widely used methods. Furthermore, the distribution of research efforts appears uneven across primary school, secondary school, and university levels, as well as in the study of general English textbooks and English textbooks for specific purposes. This paper will be valuable for stakeholders involved in ELT textbook development, particularly those new to the field and seeking guidance on current research trends, methodological approaches, and emerging themes in textbook content analysis.

https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.39278
PDF

References

Atkinson, D. (2024). Reconciling opposites to reach compromise during ELT textbook development. Language Teaching Research, 28(5), 1976-1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211040201

Babaii, E., & Sheikhi, M. (2018). Traces of neoliberalism in English teaching materials: A critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies, 15(3), 247-264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2017.1398671

Baker, P. (2023). Using corpora in discourse analysis (2nd ed.). Bloomsbury. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350083783

Barrot, J. S. (2019). Examining the task complexity in ELT coursebooks. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(6), 469-481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00448-2

Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Longman.

Bori, P. (2018). Language textbooks in the era of neoliberalism. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315405544

Butler, Y. G., Kang, K. I., Kim, H., & Liu, Y. (2018). “Tasks” appearing in primary school textbooks. ELT Journal, 72(3), 285-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccx056

Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Multilingual Matters.

Calafato, R. (2019). Policies, textbooks, and curriculum constraints to integrating literature into language education: EFL teacher perspectives from Russia. Pedagogika, 132(4), 178-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2018.132.11

Calafato, R., & Gudim, F. (2022). Literature in contemporary foreign language school textbooks in Russia: Content, approaches, and readability. Language Teaching Research, 26(5), 826-846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820917909

Canale, G. (2016). (Re)searching culture in foreign language textbooks, or the politics of hide and seek. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 29(2), 225-243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2016.1144764

Chaltiel, D. (2023). Crosstable: Crosstables for descriptive analyses [Computer software]. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=crosstable

Chen, Y. (2010). The semiotic construal of attitudinal curriculum goals: Evidence from EFL textbooks in China. Linguistics and Education, 21(1), 60-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2009.12.005

Chong, S. W., & Plonsky, L. (2024). A typology of secondary research in Applied Linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review, 15(4), 1569-1594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2022-0189

Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly, 34(2), 213-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3587951

Curdt-Christiansen, X. L. (Ed.). (2015). Language, ideology and education: The politics of textbooks in language education. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315814223

Dahmardeh, M., & Kim, S.-D. (2020). Gender representation in Iranian English language coursebooks: Is sexism still alive? English Today, 36(1), 12-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078419000117

Dijk, T. A. van. (1998). Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach. Sage.

Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford University Press.

Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Foroutan, Y. (2012). Gender representation in school textbooks in Iran: The place of languages. Current Sociology, 60(6), 771-787. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392112459744

Fuchs, E., & Bock, A. (Eds.). (2018). The Palgrave handbook of textbook studies. Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53142-1

Gaard, G. (2008). Toward an ecopedagogy of children’s environmental literature. Green Theory & Praxis Journal, 4(2), 11-24.

Guo, N. S., & Feng, D. (2015). Infusing multiliteracies into English language curriculum: The visual construction of knowledge in English textbooks from an ontogenetic perspective. Linguistics and Education, 31, 115-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2015.07.001

Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014). Halliday’s introduction to functional grammar (4th ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203783771

Harmer, J. (2015). The practice of English language teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

Harwood, N. (2014a). Content, consumption, and production: Three levels of textbook research. In N. Harwood (Ed.), English language teaching textbooks: Content, consumption, production (pp. 1-41). Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137276285_1

Harwood, N. (Ed.). (2014b). English language teaching textbooks: Content, consumption, production. Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137276285

Harwood, N. (2022). Research in materials development: What, how, and why? In J. Norton & H. Buchanan (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of materials development for language teaching (pp. 139-154). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/b22783-13

Hoang, H., & Crosthwaite, P. (2024). A comparative analysis of multiword units in the reading and listening input of English textbooks. System, 121, 103224-103238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103224

Howatt, A. P. R., & Widdowson, H. G. (2004). A history of English language teaching (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Hsu, W. (2014). The most frequent opaque formulaic sequences in English-medium college textbooks. System, 47, 146-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.10.001

Hyland, K., & Jiang, F. (Kevin). (2021). A bibliometric study of EAP research: Who is doing what, where and when? Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 49, 100929. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2020.100929

Hyland, K., & Jiang, F. (Kevin). (2024). Metadiscourse: The evolution of an approach to texts. Text and Talk, 44(3), 411-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2021-0156

Jackson, J. C., & Medvedev, D. (2024). Worldwide divergence of values. Nature Communications, 15(1), 2650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46581-5

Jin, T., Lu, X., & Ni, J. (2020). Syntactic complexity in adapted teaching materials: Differences among grade levels and implications for bench-marking. Modern Language Journal, 104(1), 192-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12622

Kachru, B. B. (1992). World Englishes: Approaches, issues and resources. Language Teaching, 25(1), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800006583

Keles, U., & Yazan, B. (2023). Representation of cultures and communities in a global ELT textbook: A diachronic content analysis. Language Teaching Research, 27(5), 1325-1346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820976922

Kim, M., & Lu, X. (2024). Exploring the potential of using ChatGPT for rhetorical move-step analysis: The impact of prompt refinement, few-shot learning, and fine-tuning. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 71, 101422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2024.101422

Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford University Press.

Kress, G. R., & Leeuwen, T. V. (2021). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (3rd ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003099857

Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071878781

Kumaravadivelu, B. (2012). Individual identity, cultural globalization, and teaching English as an international language: The case for an epistemic break. In L. Alsagoff, S. L. McKay, G. Hu, & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Principles and practices for teaching English as an international language (pp. 9-27). Routledge.

Lam, P. W. Y. (2010). Discourse particles in corpus data and textbooks: The case of well. Applied Linguistics, 31(2), 260-281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp026

Le Foll, E. (2023). The potential impact of EFL textbook language on learner English: A triangulated corpus study. In K. Harrington & P. Ronan (Eds.), Demystifying corpus linguistics for English language teaching (pp. 259-287). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11220-1_13

Lee, J. F. K. (2019). In the pursuit of a gender-equal society: Do Japanese EFL textbooks play a role? Journal of Gender Studies, 28(2), 204-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2018.1423956

Lee, J. F. K., & Collins, P. (2010). Construction of gender: A comparison of Australian and Hong Kong English language textbooks. Journal of Gender Studies, 19(2), 121-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09589231003695856

Lei, L., & Liu, D. (2019). Research trends in applied linguistics from 2005 to 2016: A bibliometric analysis and its implications. Applied Linguistics, 40(3), 540-561. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy003

Liu, Y., Zhang, L. J., & May, S. (2022). Dominance of Anglo-American cultural representations in university English textbooks in China: A corpus linguistics analysis. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 35(1), 83-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2021.1941077

Maxwell-Reid, C., & Lau, K. (2016). Genre and technicality in analogical explanations: Hong Kong’s English language textbooks for junior secondary science. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 23, 31-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2016.05.005

Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524759

Nekrasova-Beker, T. M. (2019). Discipline-specific use of language patterns in engineering: A comparison of published pedagogical materials. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 41, 100774-100786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2019.100774

Nguyen, C.-D. (2021). Lexical features of reading passages in English-language textbooks for Vietnamese high-school students: Do they foster both content and vocabulary gain? RELC Journal, 52(3), 509-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688219895045

Nizamani, A., & Shah, W. A. (2022). Textbooks as “neoliberal artifacts”: A critical study of knowledge-making in ELT industry. Critical Discourse Studies, 21(3), 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2022.2160364

Northbrook, J., & Conklin, K. (2018). “What are you talking about?”: An analysis of lexical bundles in Japanese junior high school textbooks. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 23(3), 311-334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16024.nor

Pennycook, A. (2022). Critical applied linguistics in the 2020s. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 19(1), 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2022.2030232

Plonsky, L. (2023). Introduction to the special issue on Introducing biblio-metrics in applied linguistics. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 13(4), 721-726. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.40213

Porreca, K. L. (1984). Sexism in current ESL textbooks. TESOL Quarterly, 18(4), 705-724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3586584

Qin, J., & Lei, L. (2022). Research trends in task-based language teaching: A bibliometric analysis from 1985 to 2020. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 12(3), 381-404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2022.12.3.3

R Core Team (2024). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/

Rathert, S., & Cabaroğlu, N. (2021). Teachers as slaves or masters to their coursebooks: An in-depth study on two English language teachers’ coursebook utilization. Language Teaching Research, 28(5), 1816-1841. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211036239

Reda, G. (2003). English coursebooks: Prototype texts and basic vocabulary norms. ELT Journal, 57(3), 260-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/57.3.260

Ren, W., & Han, Z. (2016). The representation of pragmatic knowledge in recent ELT textbooks. ELT Journal, 70(4), 424-434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccw010

Richards, J. C. (2006). Materials development and research – Making the connection. RELC Journal, 37(1), 5-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688206063470

Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009024532

Risager, K. (2018). Representations of the world in language textbooks. Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/RISAGE9559

Schimtt, N. (2000). Vocabulary in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.

Sharma, B. K. (2020). Greenspeak in tourism encounters and implications for sustainable TESOL. In J. Goulah & J. Katunich (Eds.), TESOL and sustainability: English language teaching in the Anthropocene era (pp.133-151). Bloomsbury. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350115118.ch-006

Siegel, A. (2014). What should we talk about? The authenticity of textbook topics. ELT Journal, 68(4), 363-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccu012

Syairofi, A., Mujahid, Z., Mustofa, M., Ubaidillah, M. F., & Namaziandost, E. (2023). Emancipating SLA findings to inform EFL textbooks: A look at Indonesian school English textbooks. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 32(2), 177-188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-022-00642-9

Tomlinson, B. (2012). Materials development for language learning and teaching. Language Teaching, 45(2), 143-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000528

United Nations. (2016). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://undocs.org/en/A/70/L.1

Waltman, L. (2016). A review of the literature on citation impact indicators. Journal of Informetrics, 10(2), 365-391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2016.02.007

Webb, S. (2007). The effects of repetition on vocabulary knowledge. Applied Linguistics, 28(1), 46-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/aml048

Weninger, C. (2021). Multimodality in critical language textbook analysis. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 34(2), 133-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2020.1797083

Wickham, H., Averick, M., Bryan, J., Chang, W., McGowan, L. D., François, R., Grolemund, G., Hayes, A., Henry, L., Hester, J., Kuhn, M., Pedersen, T. L., Miller, E., Bache, S. M., Müller, K., Ooms, J., Robinson, D., Seidel, D. P., Spinu, V., . . . Yutani, H. (2019). Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(43), 1686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686

Widodo, H. P. (2018). A critical micro-semiotic analysis of values depicted in the Indonesian ministry of national education-endorsed secondary school English textbook. In H. P. Widodo, M. R. Perfecto, L. V. Canh, & A. Buripakdi (Eds.), Situating moral and cultural values in ELT materials: The Southeast Asian context (pp. 131-152). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63677-1_8

Widodo, H. P., Perfecto, M. R., Van Canh, L., & Buripakdi, A. (Eds.). (2018). Situating moral and cultural values in ELT materials. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63677-1

Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (Eds.). (2015). Methods of critical discourse analysis (3rd ed.). SAGE.

Wood, D. C., & Appel, R. (2014). Multiword constructions in first year business and engineering university textbooks and EAP textbooks. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 15, 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2014.03.002

Xiong, T., Feng, D., & Hu, G. (Eds.). (2022). Cultural knowledge and values in English language teaching materials: (Multimodal) representations and stakeholders. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1935-0

Xu, Y., Zhuang, J., Blair, R., Kim, A. I., Li, F., Hernández, R. T., & Plonsky, L. (2023). Modeling quality and prestige in applied linguistics journals: A bibliometric and synthetic analysis. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 13(4), 755-779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.40215

Yang, L., & Coxhead, A. (2022). A corpus-based study of vocabulary in the new concept English textbook series. RELC Journal, 53(3), 597-611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220964162

Yıldız, A., & Harwood, N. (2023). Why TESOL textbooks are the way they are: The constraints of writing for a global audience. TESOL Quarterly, 58(2), 909-931. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3261

Yu, D., Li, L., Su, H., & Fuoli, M. (2024). Assessing the potential of LLM-assisted annotation for corpus-based pragmatics and discourse analysis: The case of apology. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 29(4), 534-561. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.23087.yu

Yuen, K. (2011). The representation of foreign cultures in English textbooks. ELT Journal, 65(4), 458-466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccq089

Zahoor, M., & Janjua, F. (2020). Green contents in English language textbooks in Pakistan: An ecolinguistic and ecopedagogical appraisal. British Educational Research Journal, 46(2), 321-338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3579

Zhang, X. (2020). A bibliometric analysis of second language acquisition between 1997 and 2018. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(1), 199-222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263119000573

Zhao, W. X., Zhou, K., Li, J., Tang, T., Wang, X., Hou, Y., Min, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Dong, Z., Du, Y., Yang, C., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Jiang, J., Ren, R., Li, Y., Tang, X., Liu, Z., . . . Wen, J.-R. (2023). A survey of large language models. arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.18223