The messianic concept in modern Judaism
PDF (English)

Schlagworte

Jewish Theology
Messiah
Messianism
Utopian Messianism
Restaurative Messianism
Pseudo-Messianic Movements
Chabad
Hasidism

Zitationsvorschlag

Homolka, W. (2022). The messianic concept in modern Judaism. Teologia I Moralność, 17(1(31), 145–172. https://doi.org/10.14746/TIM.2022.31.1.10

Abstract

The history of the Messiah in Judaism is a history of disappointed hopes. Again and again, there were salvation fi gures to whom this role was ascribed. But redemption from occupation and foreign rule, exile, oppression and persecution failed to materialize. Therefore, the expectation of the Messiah fell to the periphery of Jewish theology. This article examinesin what ways the messianic concept plays a role in modern times and what it contributes to describing the relationship between God and humanity in Judaism. The author intends to show the development from the abandonment of a personal Messiah towards the affi rmation of the prophets’ hope for a universal messianic age in which the duty of all people to participate in the healing of the world becomes central. What becomes also clear is: The messiah idea cannot be a bridge between Christianity and Judaism.

https://doi.org/10.14746/TIM.2022.31.1.10
PDF (English)

Literaturhinweise

Aescoly, Aaron Zeev. 1956. Jewish Messianic Movements. Jerusalem: Mossad Bialik.

Ascarelli, Roberta, and Klaus Samuel Davidowicz. 2011. Along the Road to Esau. Studies on Jakob Frank and Frankism. Arezzo: Bibliotheca Aretina.

Ascher, Saul. 2010. “Leviathan.” In Saul Ascher. Ausgewählte Werke. Deutsch-jüdische Autoren des 19. Jahrhunderts. Schriften zu Staat, Nation, Gesellschaft, edited by Renate Best. 94-182, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna: Böhlau.

Baal Shem Tov (Israel ben Eliezer). “The Chamber of Mashiach.” In The teachings of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. Translated and commented by Eliezer Shore. chabad.org/kabbalah/article_cdo/aid/380401/jewish/The-Chamber-of-Mashiach.html.

Baeck, Leo. 1936. The Essence of Judaism. Translated by Victor Grubwieser and Leonard Pearl. London: MacMillan.

Ben-Chorin, Schalom. 1979. Jüdischer Glaube. Strukturen einer Theologie des Judentums an hand des Maimonidischen Credo. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Bendavid, Lazarus. 1823. “Über den Glauben der Juden an einen künftigen Messias (Nach Maimonides und den Kabbalisten), Part 2.” Zeitschrift für die Wissenschaft des Judenthums 1: 197-230.

Bergel-Gronemann, Elfriede. 1921-1922. “Der Messiasgedanke.” Der Jude 5: 268-271.

Berger, David. 2001. The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference. London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization.

Biale, David. 1992. “Gershom Scholem on Jewish Messianism.” In Essential Papers on Messianic Movements and Personalities in Jewish History, edited by Marc Saperstein, 521-550. New York: NYU Press.

Bomhoff, Hartmut. 2010. Israel Jacobson. Wegbereiter jüdischer Emanzipation. Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich.

Borowitz, Eugene B. 1977. Reform Judaism Today. New York: Behrman House.

Breuer, Edward. 2004. “Haskalah and History. The Emergence of a Modern Jewish Historical Consciousness,” review of New Perspectives on the Haskalah, edited by Shmuel Feiner and David Jan Sorkin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). Jewish Quarterly Review 94.1: 209-212.

Buber, Martin. 1991. The Tales of the Hasidim: Book One, The Early Masters and Book Two, The Late Masters, in One Volume. New York: Schocken.

Cohen, Hermann. 1914a. Soziale Ethik im Judentum. Frankfurt am Main: Kauffmann.

Cohen, Hermann. 1914b. Die religiösen Bewegungen der Gegenwart. Ein Vortrag. Leipzig: Fock.

Cohen, Hermann. 1991. Religion of Reason: Out of the Sources of Judaism. Translated by Simon Kaplan. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

Cohen, Martin S. ed. 2012. The Observant Life. The Wisdom of Conservative Judaism for Contemporary Jews. New York: The Rabbinical Assembly.

Cohon, Samuel S. 1962. Judaism: A Way of Life. New York: Schocken.

Dan, Joseph. 2002. „Messias/Messianismus” 2. Judentum. Mittelalter und Neuzeit. In Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart4 , Vol. 5. edited by Hans Dieter Betz et al. 1143-1162. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Davidowicz, Klaus Samuel. 2011. “Introduction.” In Along the Road to Esau: Studies on Jakob Frank and Frankism, edited by Roberta Ascarelli and Klaus Samuel Davidowicz. 1-10 Arezzo: Bibliotheca Aretina.

Declaration of Principles. http://ccarnet.org/rabbis-speak/platforms/declaration-principles/Article

Dienemann, Max. 1927. “Frömmigkeit in Judentum und Christentum.” Der Jude, special edition: Sonderheft Judentum und Christientum, 4: 30-40.

Dinur, Benzion. 1991. “The Origins of Hasidism and Its Social and Messianic Foundations.” In Essential Papers on Hassidism: Origins to Present, edited by Gershon David Hundert, 86-172. New York: NYU Press.

Dorff, Elliot N. 2008. The Jewish Approach to Repairing the World (Tikkun Olam): A Brief Introduction for Christians. Woodstock: Jewish Lights.

Dorff, Elliot N. 2005. The Way Into Tikkun Olam. Woodstock: Jewish Lights.

Dubbels, Elke. 2011. Figuren des Messianischen in Schriften deutsch-jüdischer Intellektueller. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.

Dubnow, Simon. 1991. “The Beginnings: The Baal Shem Tov (Besht) and the Center in Podolia.”

In Essential Papers on Hasidism: Origins to Present, edited by Gershon Hundert. 25-51. New York: NYU Press.

Elbogen, Ismar. 1913. Der jüdische Gottesdienst in seiner geschichtlichen Entwicklung. Leipzig: Fock.

Fackenheim, Emil L. 1970. God’s Presence in History. Jewish Affirmations and Philosophical Reflections. New York: Harper Collins.

Fackenheim, Emil. 1978. Jewish Return into History. New York: Schocken.

Geiger, Abraham. 1885. “Der Hamburger Tempelstreit 1842”. In Nachgelassene Schriften, edited by Ludwig Geiger. 113-196. Breslau: Leuckart.

Geiger, Abraham. 1868. Unser Gottesdienst. Eine Frage, die dringend Lösung verlangt. Breslau: Schletter.

Gordis, Robert. ed. 1988. Emet Ve-Emunah: Statement of Principles of Conservative Judaism. New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, The Rabbinical Assembly, and The United Synagogue of America.

Green, Arthur. 1992a. “Nahman of Bratslav’s Messianic Striving.” In Essential Papers on Messianic Movements and Personalities in Jewish History, edited by Marc Saperstein, 389-432. New York: NYU Press.

Green, Arthur. 1992b. Tormented Master: A Life of Rabbi Nahman of Bratslav. Woodstock: Jewish Lights.

Grözinger, Karl Erich. 2005. Jüdisches Denken. Band 2: Von der mittelalterlichen Kabbala zum Hassidismus. Frankfurt am Main: Campus.

Grossman, Maxine L. 2011. „Jewish Christians.” In The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, edited by Adele Berlin, 397-398. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hahn, Ferdinand. 1999. “Jüdische und christliche Messias-Erwartung.” In Das Ende der Tage und die Gegenwart des Heils. Begegnungen mit dem Neuen Testament und seiner Umwelt, edited by Michael Becker and Wolfgang Fenske, 131-144. Leiden: Brill.

Hartman, David. 1985. A Living Covenant: The Innovative Spirit of Traditional Judaism. New York/London: MacMillan.

Herberg, Will. 1951. Judaism and Modern Man: An Interpretation of Jewish Religion. New York: Jewish Lights.

Herrmann, Klaus. 2005. “Liberale Gebetbücher von 1817 bis 1929.” In Liturgie als Theologie, edited by Walter Homolka. 63-98. Berlin: Frank & Timme.

Hertzberg, Arthur. 1973. “Judaism and the Land of Israel.” In Understanding Jewish Theology.

Classical Issues and Modern Perspectives, edited by Jacob Neusner, 75-88. New York: Ktav.

Hess, Moses. 1918. Rome and Jerusalem: The Last National Question. Translated by Meyer Waxman. New York: Bloch.

Hirsch, Samuel. 1843. Die Messiaslehre der Juden. In Kanzelvorträgen zur Erbauung denkender Leser. Berlin: Hunger.

Homolka, Walter. ed. 1999. Die Lehren des Judentums nach den Quellen, Vol. 1. Munich: Knesebeck.

Homolka, Walter. 2006. Das Judentum hat viele Gesichter. Die Strömungen im modernen Judentum. Bergisch Gladbach: Bastei Lübbe.

Homolka, Walter, and Hoppe, Juni, and Krochmalnik, Daniel. 2022. Der Messias kommt nicht - Abschied vom jüdischen Erlöser. Freiburg: Herder.

Jacobs, Louis. 1973. A Jewish Theology. London: Darton, Longman & Todd.

Kaplan, Mordecai. 1957. Judaism as a Civilization: Toward a Reconstruction of American-Jewish Life. New York: Reconstructionist Press.

Klausner, Joseph. 1956. The Messianic Idea in Israel. From its Beginning to the Completion of the Mishna. London: Allen & Unwin.

Kohler, Kaufmann. 1910. Grundriss einer systematischen Theologie des Judentums auf geschichtlicher Grundlage. Leipzig: Fock.

Kook, Abraham Isaac Ha-Cohen. 1941. Hazon ha-Geula. Jerusalem: Rav Kook’s Books Publishing Association.

Lenowitz, Harris. 1998. The Jewish Messiahs: From Galilee to Crown Heights. New York: Oxford University Press.

Levine, Robert N. 2003. There Is No Messiah and You’re It: The Stunning Transformation of Judaism’s Most Provocative Idea. Woodstock: Jewish Lights.

Liebes, Yehuda. 1993. Studies in Jewish Myth and Jewish Messianism. Albany: SUNY Press.

Lotter, Friedrich. 2010. Rabbiner Ignatz Maybaum. Leben und Lehre, Die Grundlagen jüdischer Diasporaexistenz. Berlin: Frank & Timme.

Maciejko, Pawel. 2011. The Mixed Multitude: Jacob Frank and the Frankist Movement, 1755-1816. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Maier, Johann. 2001. Judentum von A bis Z. Freiburg: Herder.

Maimonides, Moses. 1987. Mishneh Torah. Translated by Eliyahu Touger. New York: Moznaim.

Meyer, Michael A. 2000. Antwort auf die Moderne. Geschichte der Reformbewegung im Judentum. Vienna: Böhlau.

Morgenstern, Arie. 1992. “Messianic Concepts and Settlement in the Land of Israel.” In Essential Papers on Messianic Movements and Personalities in Jewish History, edited by Marc Saperstein, 433-455. New York: NYU Press.

Neusner, Jacob. 1967. “From Theology to Ideology.” In Churches and States: The Religious Institution and Modernization, edited by Kalman H. Silvert. 13-48. Paris: American Universities Field Staff.

Petuchowski, Jakob J. 1968. Prayerbook Reform in Europe. The Liturgy of European Liberal and Reform Judaism. New York: World Union for Progressive Judaism.

Rapoport-Albert, Ada. 2011. Women and the Messianic Heresy of Sabbatai Zevi, 1666-1816. Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization.

Ravitzky, Aviezer. 1991. “Forcing the End: Zionism and the State of Israel as Antimessianic Undertakings.” In Jews and Messianism in the Modern Era, edited by Jonathan Frankel. 34-67. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ravitzky, Aviezer. 1996. Messianism, Zionism, and Jewish Religious Radicalism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Reif, Stefan C. 1993. Judaism and Hebrew Prayer: New Perspectives on Jewish Liturgical History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rosenzweig, Franz. 2005. The Star of Redemption. Translated by Barbara E. Galli. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Sanhedrin 98a. https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.98a?lang=bi.

Scholem, Gershom. 1971. “Toward and Understanding of the Messianic Idea in Judaism.” In The Messianic Idea in Judaism and Other Essays on Jewish Spirituality. Translated by Michael A. Meyer. New York: Schocken.

Scholem, Gershom. 1991. On the Mystical Shape of the Godhead: Basic Concepts in the Kabbalah. Translated by Joachim Neugroschel. New York: Schocken.

Schulte, Christoph. 2002. Die jüdische Aufklärung. Philosophie, Religion, Geschichte. München: Beck.

Schwarzenau, Paul. 1997. Das Messiasproblem bei Martin Buber. Eine Studie zur Geschichte des Judentums. Berlin: Frieling.

Schwarzschild, Steven S. 1973. “The Personal Messiah: Toward the Restoration of a Discarded Doctrine.” In Faith and Reason. Essays in Judaism, edited by Robert Gordis and Ruth B. Waxman. 229-241. New York: Ktav.

Schweid, Eliezer. 1992. “Jewish Messianism: Metamorphoses of an Idea.” In Essential Papers on Messianic Movements and Personalities in Jewish History, edited by Marc Saperstein, 53-72. New York: NYU Press.

Seeskin, Kenneth. 2012. Jewish Messianic Thoughts in an Age of Despair. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shabbat 118b. https://www.sefaria.org/Shabbat.118b.1?lang=bi.

Shemot Rabbah 25, 12. https://www.sefaria.org/Shemot_Rabbah?tab=contents.

Sherwin, Byron L. 2009. Faith Finding Meaning: A Theology of Judaism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Silberstein, Laurence J. 1987. “The Renewal of Jewish Spirituality. Two Views.” In Jewish Spirituality, edited by Arthur Green. 402-432. London: Herder & Herder.

Silver, Abba Hillel. 1927. A History of Messianic Speculations in Israel. New York: Beacon.

The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, The Rabbinical Assembly, United Synagogue of America, Women’s League for Conservative Judaism, Federation of Jewish Men’s Clubs. 1988. Emet Ve-Emunah. Statement of Principles of Conservative Judaism. https://masortiolami.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Emet-VEmunah-Statement-of-Principles-of-Conservative-Judaism.pdf

Trepp, Leo. 1994. “Jüdisches Denken im 20. Jahrhundert.” In Das Judentum, edited by Günter Mayer and Hermann Greive, 223-405. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

Werblowsky, R.J. Zwi. 1992. “Messianism in Jewish History.” In Essential Papers on Messianic Movements and Personalities in Jewish History, edited by Marc Saperstein. 35-52. New York: NYU Press.

Werblowsky, R.J. Zwi. 2013. “Messiaserwartungen.“ In Handbuch zur Geschichte der Juden in Europa, edited by J.H. Schoeps, E.-V. Kotowski and H. Wallenborn. 115-126. Darmstadt: Primus.