The problem of social justice in the post-synodal apostolic exhortation Ecclesia in Africa of 1995 and in the documents of the Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference in the years 2014–2024
Journal cover , volume 20, no. 3(40), year 2025, title The relevance of the Gospel of life
PDF

Keywords

Ecclesia in Africa
Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference
Social Justice
Catholic Church
Ghana

How to Cite

Oppong, F. M. (2025). The problem of social justice in the post-synodal apostolic exhortation Ecclesia in Africa of 1995 and in the documents of the Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference in the years 2014–2024. Teologia I Moralność, 20(3(40), 201–223. https://doi.org/10.14746/TIM.2025.40.3.13

Abstract

In an era marked by profound social inequalities and ethical dilemmas, the role of religious institutions in advocating for social justice has never been more critical. This article explores the response of the Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference (GCBC) to the social justice imperatives outlined in Ecclesia in Africa (1995), a post-synodal apostolic exhortation by Pope John Paul II. A descriptive and critical analysis will be conducted based on selected pastoral letters and other statements from the GCBC. This analysis will address pressing social issues, including economic inequality, conflicts, inequality in access to quality education, political corruption, and environmental degradation, challenges that continue to impact Ghanaian society. An analysis of the documents and teachings of the GCBC on social justice reveals the Conference’s stance on issues pertinent to the Ghanaian context. This research enhances understanding of the GCBC’s role in promoting social justice in Ghana and its implications for policy and practice.

https://doi.org/10.14746/TIM.2025.40.3.13
PDF

References

John Paul II. 1995. Ecclesia in Africa: Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation. The Vatican: LEV.

Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. 2015a. Pastoral Letter: Press Launch of Two-Day Pro-life Conference in Ghana. Accra.

Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. 2015b. Pastoral Letter: Key-Note Address by Bishop Adanuty at the Maiden Pro-life Conference. Accra.

Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. 2021-2022c. Pastoral Letter: for Christmas and New Year. Accra.

Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. 2025d. Lenten Pastoral Letter:Lent: A Grace-Filled Season in the Jubilee Year of Hope. Accra.

Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. 2020e. Pastoral Letter:Politics for Nation Building and Social Cohesion. Accra.

Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. 2014f. Pastoral Guidelines. Accra.

Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. 2023g. Pastoral Letter: Statement on Bawku Conflict. Accra.

Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. 2024h. Lenten Pastoral Letter: “We implore You on Behalf of Christ, Be Reconciled with God” (2 Cor 5:20). Accra: GCBC. Accessed: 05.22.2025. https://cbcgha.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-Lenten-Pastoral-Letter-From-the-GCBC.pdf.

Leo XIII. 1891. Rerum Novarum: Encyclical Letter on Capital and Labour. The Vatican: LEV.

John Paul II. 1988. Christifideles Laici: Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on the Vocation and Mission of the Lay Faithful in the Church and in the World. The Vatican: LEV.

John Paul II. 1991. Centesimus Annus: Encyclical Letter on the Hundredth Anniversary of Rerum Novarum. The Vatican: LEV.

Benedict XVI. 2009. Caritas in Veritate: Encyclical Letter on Integral Human Development in Charity and Truth. The Vatican: LEV.

Francis. 2013. Evangelii Gaudium: Encyclical Letter on the Proclamation of the Gospel in Today’s World. The Vatican: LEV.

Francis. 2015. Laudato Si: Encyclical Letter on Care for Our Common Home. The Vatican: LEV.

Catechism of the Catholic Church. 1992. The Vatican: LEV.

Vatican Council II. 1965a. Declaration on Christian Education: Gravissimum Educationis. The Vatican: LEV. Accessed: 05.22.2025. https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_gravissimum-educationis_en.html.

Vatican Council II. 1965b. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World: Gaudium et Spes. The Vatican: LEV. Accessed: 05.22.2025. https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html.

Aboagye-Mensah, Robert, Kwasi. 1994. Mission and Democracy in Africa: The Role of the Church. Accra: Asempa Publishers.

Gyekye, Kwame. 1996. African Cultural Values: An Introduction. Accra: Sankofa Publishing Company.

Pobee, John S. 1991. Religion and Politics in Ghana. Accra: Asempa Publishers.

Abbey-Quaye, Emmanuel. 2021. Building a New Model of Church-State Collaboration on Environmental Care in Ghana Based on Catholic Social and African Theological Traditions. PhD diss., Duquesne University. Accessed: 31.03.2025. https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/2035.

Adam, Philips. 2024. Christianity in Ghana: Exploring the Rich History and Growth of Christianity in Ghana: A Journey Through the Faith of West Africa. Accessed: 10.12.2025. https://thewitness.org/christianity-in-ghana/.

Adoboli, Francis. 2022. Catholic Population in Ghana: Reversing the Decline. Accra: Catholic Archdiocese of Accra. Accessed 09.12.2025. https://marshallan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Catholic-Population-in-Ghana-Reversing-the-Decline.pdf.

African Development Bank. 2007. African Development Report 2007: Natural Resources for Sustainable Development in Africa. Tunis: AfDB. Accessed: 30.05.2025. https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/%28E%29%20AfricanBank%202007%20Ch4.pdf.

Aigbe, Omoruyi Austin. 2014. Conflict and Poverty in Africa: The Effect of Natural Resource and Leadership. Presented at the International Conference on Governance, Peace and Security in Africa, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. Academia.edu. Accessed: 30.05.2025. https://www.academia.edu/7775590/Conflict_and_Poverty_in_Africa_the_Effect_of_Natural_Resource_and_Leadership.

Atemanke, Jude. 2023. Intensify prayers: Lenten Appeal of Catholic Bishops in Ghana to End Violent Conflicts, ACI Africa. Accessed: 28.03.2025. https://www.aciafrica.org/news/7743/intensify-prayers-lenten-appeal-of-catholic-bishops-in-ghana-to-end-violent-conflicts.

Benyah, Francis. 2018. “Commodification of the Gospel and the Socio-Economics of Neo-Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity in Ghana.” Legon Journal of the Humanities, 29(2): 95–118. Accessed: 10.12.2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v29i2.5

Boaheng, Isaac, Clement Amoako, and Samuel Boahen. 2023. “A Critique of Prosperity Theology in the Context of Ghanaian Christianity.” E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 4(11): 1356–1367. Accessed: 10.12.2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20234114

Church Growth Movement. 2023. Churches in Ghana with the Most Branches: An In-Depth Look. Accessed: 08.12.2025. https://www.churchgrowthmovement.org/churches-in-ghana-with-the-most-branches/.

Diboro, P. K., and R. C. Ehiem. 2020. “The Migration of Christian Youth to Pentecostal and Charismatic Churches in Ghana.” PECANEP Journal, 1(5): 79–91. Accessed: 09.12.2025. https://noyam.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/PECANEP1010201.pdf. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38159/pecanep.2020101

Dwell, Ghana. 2019. Religion in Ghana. Accessed: 09.12.2025. https://www.dwellgh.com/religion-in-ghana/.

Ghana Statistical Service. Ghana – 2021 Population and Housing Census: Variable V1097 (Religious Affiliation). Central Data Catalog, Reference ID GHA-GSS-2021PHC-2021-v1.0. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service, created September 13, 2022, last modified July 12, 2023. Accessed: 09.12.2025. https://microdata.statsghana.gov.gh/index.php/catalog/110/variable/V1097.

Iheanacho, Valentine Ugochukwu. “The Catholic Church and Prophetic Mission: Transitioning Church-State Relations in Africa.” Religions, 13: 339. Accessed: 04.07.2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13040339

Isaac, Buabeng, and Bridget Amo-Darko. 2024. “Bridging the Gap: Enhancing Equitable Access to Quality Education for Marginalised Communities in Ghana.” American Journal of Education Research, 12(11): 789–797. Accessed: 31.03.2025. https://pubs.sciepub.com/education/12/11/3/education-12-11-3.pdf.

Isenjia, Silas. 2024a. “Amid Ghana’s Dwindling Catholic Population, Bishops Want ‘Those Experiencing a Crisis of Faith’ Re-evangelized.” ACI Africa. Accessed: 09.12.2025. https://www.aciafrica.org/news/13037/amid-ghanas-dwindling-catholic-population-bishops-want-those-experiencing-a-crisis-of-faith-re-evangelized.

Isenjia, Silas. 2025b. Ghana’s Catholic Bishops Decry Upsurge in Social Vices, Church-State Partnership Non-Compliance. ACI Africa. Accessed: 28.03.2025. https: www.aciafrica.org/news/14381/Ghanas-Catholic-Bishops-Decry-Upsurge-in-Social-Vices-Church-State-Partnership-Non-Compliance.

Kobyliński, Andrzej. 2021. “Ethical Aspects of the Prosperity Gospel in the Light of the Arguments Presented by Antonio Spadaro and Marcelo Figueroa.” Religions, 12(11): 996. Accessed 08.12.2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12110996

Mayaki, Benedict. 2021. Church in Ghana Launches 5-year Laudato Si Action Programme. Vatican News. Accessed: 31.03.2025. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2021-11/ghana-laudato-si-bishops-action-program-five.html.

MexicoHistorico.com. 2025. The History and Influence of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville). Accessed: 28.04.2025. https://www.mexicohistorico.com/paginas/the-history-and-influence-of-the-congo-congo-brazzaville--285c24cb.html.

NairaProject. The Challenges and Opportunities of Promoting Social Justice in Nigeria: A Case Study of Centre for Social Justice, Abuja. Accessed: 29.04.2025. https://nairaproject.com/projects/6387-the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-promoting-social-justice-in-nigeria-a-case-study-of-center-for-social-justice-abuja.html.

Oballa Owaa, J. and Chinkambako Abenguni Majawah, C. Ecclesia in Africa: Pastoral Stock-Taking 25 Years Later, Challenges and Opportunities for Deeper Evangelisation. Accessed: 01/01/2025. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341821855-Ecclesia-In-Africa.

Prince, A. Champion Efforts to Reinforce Racial Justice, Social Equality-Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. Accessed: 28.03.2025. https://gna.org.gh/2024/09/champion-efforts-to-reinforce-racial-justice-social-equality-catholic-bishops-conference.

Pulse Ghana. 2015. Present-Day Ghana is Openly and Pervasively Corrupt – Catholic Bishops. Accessed: 01.01.2025. https://www.pulse.com.gh/articles/ece-frontpage/judicial-scandal-present-day-ghana-is-openly-and-pervasively-corrupt-catholic-bishops-2024080501373387639.

Symposium of Episcopal Conference of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM). Governance, Common Good and Democratic Transitions in Africa: Pastoral Letter. Accra: SECAM, 2013. Accessed: 21.05.2025. https://www.fides.org/en/attachments/english_final.pdf.

The Cardinal Newman Society. 2016. Principles of Catholic Identity in Education. Accessed: 22.05.2025. https://cardinalnewmansociety.org/wp-content/uploads/Principles-Overview_Final.pdf.

Tsekpoe, Christian, and Emmanuel Awudi. 2025. “Saving Souls and ‘Trees’: An Emerging Model of Pentecostal-Charismatic Eco-Missions in the Church of Pentecost, Ghana.” Religions, 16(1): 77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16010077