Abstract
This article aims to identify the mechanisms for preventing illegal food trade that are available under the international public law system, and it assesses their effectiveness. In this context, it was important to define the concept of illegal food trade, including food adulteration. In the author’s opinion, there are no international law regulations that explicitly address the prevention of illegal food trade, nor is there a legal definition of this phenomenon other than the concept of food adulteration proposed in the draft guidelines of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The author further argues that the mechanisms existing within the WTO are inadequate for combatting illegal trade, whereas the effective instruments seem to be those institutions, regulations and procedures that are specific to international criminal law.
References
Abdel-Motaal D. (2024), Addressing Illicit Trade in Food and Food Fraud, w: World Trade Organization, Illicit Trade in Food and Food Fraud, Genève.
Accum F. (1820), A treatise on adulterations of food and culinary poisons exhibiting the fraudulent sophistications of bread, beer, wine, spirituous liquors, tea, coffee, cream, confectionery, vinegar, mustard, pepper, cheese, olive oil, pickles and other articles employed in domestic economy and methods of detecting them, London.
Farhan J.A., Iwaniuk P., Kaczyński P., Łozowicka B., Mroczko B., Orywal K., Perkowski M., Socha K., Zoń W. (2024), Społeczna percepcja zdrowej żywności w świetle interdyscyplinarnej pewności naukowej, Białystok.
Hardy J. (2024), Mapping the Negative Impacts of Illicit Trade in Agri-Food and Beverages Against the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, w: World Trade Organization, Illicit Trade in Food and Food Fraud, Genève.
Krajewski K. (2001), Sens i bezsens prohibicji. Prawo karne wobec narkotyków i narkomanii, Kraków.
Lissaur Q. (2024), Protecting the International Food Supply Chain From Fraud, w: World Trade Organization, Illicit Trade in Food and Food Fraud, Genève.
Lotta F., Boque J. (2015), Defining Food Fraud in the Modern Supply Chain, „European Food and Feed Law Review” nr 2.
Marceau G. (2024), WTO Rulebook and Combating Illicit Trade in Food and Food Fraud, w: World Trade Organization, Illicit Trade in Food and Food Fraud, Genève.
Soon J.M., Manning L. (2018), Food Smuggling and Trafficking: the Key Factors od Influence, „Trends in Food Science and Technology” t. 81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.007
Spink J., Moyer D.C. (2011), Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud, „Journal of Food Science” t. 76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02417.x
Srogosz T. (2016), Prawo międzynarodowe i unijne wobec nielegalnego obrotu narkotykami, Częstochowa.
Srogosz T. (2022), Globalne zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem żywności. Aspekty prawne, Warszawa.
Torero M. (2024), Regulatory Solutions and Food Systems Thinking to Counter Food Fraud in Supply Chains, w: World Trade Organization, Illicit Trade in Food and Food Fraud, Genève.
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tomasz Srogosz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.