Abstract
This study investigates the differences between novice and expert translators. Six expert translators and six translation students were asked to translate a text into Arabic and explain their translation process. The results show a difference in the translation quality, expertise of translation and the way novices and experts think and solve the translation problems. Numerous factors such as memory, emotions, decision making, problem solving, etc. co-determine successful experts. A translator expert is not just someone who has translation skills, it’s also someone who understands how his knowledge is organized; he behaves automatically and fluidly without conscious control.References
Baddeley, A. (1992). « Working Memory: the interface between memory and cognition ». Journal of Cognitive (euroscience, 4, 281-288.
Berthoz, A. (2003). La Décision. Paris : Odile Jacob.
Camus, J.-F. (1996). La Psychologie cognitive de l’attention. Paris : Armand Colin.
Dancette, J. (1995). Parcours de traduction : étude expérimentale de processus de compréhension. Lille : Presses Universitaires de Lille.
EMT, GROUPE D’EXPERTS (2009). Compétences pour les traducteurs professionnels, experts en communication multilingue et multimédia. Bruxelles. Accessible sur le site http://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/emt_competences_translators_fr.pdf. Dernière consultation le 18 juin 2016.
EMT, GROUPE D’EXPERTS (2017). Competence Framework. Accessible sur le site https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/emt_competence_fwk_2017_en_web.pdf. Dernière consultation le 8 septembre 2018.
Ericsson, K.A. (2006). « The influence of experience and deliberate practice on the development of superior expert performance ». In K.A. Ericsson, N. Charness, P.J. Feltovich & R.R. Hoffman (réd.), The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance (pp. 683-703). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Ericsson, K.A., Krampe, R.T. & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). « The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance ». Psychological Review, 100, 363-406.
Goleman, D. (1997). L’intelligence émotionnelle. Paris : Éditions Robert Laffont.
Gӧpferich, S. (2009). « Towards a model of translation competence and its acquisition: the longitudinal study TransComp ». In S. Göpferich, A.L. Jakobsen, & I.M. Mees (réd.), Behind the mind. Methods, models and results in translation process research (11-37). Frederiksberg : Samfundslitteratur.
Gouadec, D. (2007). Translation as a Profession. Amsterdam/Philadelphia : John Benjamin Publishing Company, coll. « Benjamin Translation Library (BTL) ».
Hoffman, R. (1997). « The cognitive psychology of expertise and the domain of interpreting ». Interpreting, 1 (2), 189-230.
Hurtado Albir, A. (1999). Enseñar a traducir : metodología en la formación de traductores e intérpretes. Madrid : Edelsa.
Hurtado Albir, A. (2008). « Compétences en traduction et formation par compétences ». TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction, 21, 17-64. Accessible sur le site http://www.erudit.org/revue/ttr/2008/v21/n1/029686ar.html.
Krings, H.P. (1986). Was in den Köpfen von Übersetzern vorgeht. Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Struktur des Übersetzungsprozesses an fortgeschrittenen Französischlernern. Tübingen : Narr.
Lasnier, F. (2000). Réussir la formation par compétences. Montréal : Guérin.
Lasnier, F. (2001). « Un modèle intégré pour l’apprentissage d’une compétence ». Pédagogie collégiale, 15 (1), 28-33.
Luminet, O. (2002). Psychologie des émotions. Bruxelles : Editions de Boeck.
Mandler, G. (1984). Mind and body: psychology of emotion and stress. New York : Norton.
Moser-Mercer, B. (2008). « Skill acquisition in interpreting. A human performance perspective ». The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 2 (1), 1-28.
PACTE GROUP (2005). « Investigating Translation Competence: Conceptual and Methodological Issues ». Meta, 50 (2), 609-619.
License
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)