Abstract
The usefulness of machine translators (MTs) is virtually indisputable. Although, until recently, they could be considered almost the ‘enemy’ of translators, the rise of technology in our profession has changed from a threat to an opportunity to broaden skills and take on new roles (Moorkens, 2018). MT has evolved since its inception and, in particular, Statistical MT (SMT) and Neural Network-based MT (NMT) systems have become very popular. One question that deserves particular attention is whether these automatic resources are just as effective for a humanistic-literary translation as they are for a specialised translation in the scientific-technical field. In this article, we have compared the degree of appropriateness of a corpus of EN>ES translations produced by around one hundred 4th year degree Translation and Interpreting students at the University of Córdoba. The analysis shows, as could be predicted, that, although it is always necessary to revise the automatic target text, in the case of humanistic-literary texts it is essential to use MT only as a basis for a ‘human’ translation. Furthermore, and very pertinently, the students’ translation results were better when the texts were related to their own lives or had social repercussions with which they could sympathise.
References
Carter, R. (1987). Is there a literary language ?. In R. Steele & T. Threadgold (éds.), Language Topics : Essays in honour of Michael Halliday (pp. 431-450). Amsterdam : John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/z.lt1.73car
Casacuberta, F. & Peris, A. (2017). Traducción automática neuronal. Tradumàtica, 15, 66-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.203
Castells, M. & González, F. (éds.) (1986). El desafío tecnológico. Madrid : Alianza.
Forcada, M. (2019). Traducción automática neural. Friday Tech Fever, 8.11. https://www.dlsi.ua.es/~mlf/tmp/forcada_torrejuana.pdf.
González Rodríguez, C. (2023). Nuevas tecnologías e inteligencia artificial. Pensar en Derecho, 21, 283- 341.
Gutt, E.A. (2000). Translation and Relevance.London : Routledge.
Halliday, M.A.K. (1983). Avant-propos. In R. Simmons & M. Curnmings (éds.), The Language of Literature. Oxford : Pergamon.
Lefevere, A. (1992). Translating Literature : Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Framework. New York, NY : MLA.
Mendoza García, M.H. (2017). La posedición de traducciones de textos técnicos [Thèse de doctorat]. Barcelona : UAB. https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/457362?locale-attribute=es#page=1.
Moorkens, J. (2018). What to expect from neural machine translation. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 12 (4), 375-387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2018.1501639
Nida, E. (1966). Toward a Science of Translating. London : Brill.
Nord, C. (2009). El funcionalismo en la enseñanza de la traducción. Mutatis Mutandis, 2 (2), 209-243. Parra Escartín, C. (2018). ¿Cómo ha evolucionado la traducción automática en los últimos años ? La Linterna del Traductor, 16, 20-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.mut.2397
O’Brien, S. (2012). Translation as human-computer interaction. Translation Spaces, 1, 101-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.1.05obr
Pérez-Ortiz, J.A., Forcada, M.L., & Sánchez-Martínez, F. (2022). How neural machine translation works. In D. Kenny (éd.), Machine translation for everyone : Empowering users in the age of artificial in- telligence (pp. 141-164). Berlin : Language Science Press.
Riffaterre, M. (1979). La production du texte. Paris : Seuil.
Toolan, M. (1990). The Stylistics of Fiction. London : Routledge.
Trujillos Yébenes, L., & Muñoz-Miquel, A. (2022). La traducción automática y la posedición en el ámbito médico. Tradumàtica, 20, 57-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.308
Valdeón, R.A. (2023). Automated translation and pragmatic force. A discussion from the perspective of intercultural pragmatics. Babel, 69 (4), 447-464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00328.val
Van Peer, W. (2008). But what is literature ? In R. Carter & P. Stockwell (éds.), The language and litera- ture reader (pp. 118-126). New York, NY : Routledge.
Waddington, C. (2000). Estudio comparativo de diferentes métodos de evaluación de traducción general. Madrid : Comillas.
License
Copyright (c) 2024 María del Mar Rivas Carmona
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)