Abstract
Spanish refranero forms a sort of code whose aim is to guide and control the conduct of the members of the linguistic community that has coined these proverbs and uses them. A great part of the ideology that can be gathered from Spanish proverbs was already present in Classical culture. Therefore my overall objective is to trace the Classical precedents of Spanish proverbs. Particularly this paper aims to find in Latin language and literature formal or ideological precursors of a certain amount of Spanish proverbs concerning the stoic attitude we should take in order to confront misfortune. This attitude is based on facing with resignation what fate holds in store for us and it results in accepting pain as an essential part of human existence, promoting a conformist behavior that restrains aspirations to better conditions and makes it unlikely that the establishment will be broken.References
Alciato, A. (1549). Los emblemas de Alciato traducidos en rhimas españolas. Lyon: Macé Bonhomme & Guillaume Rouille. Edición facsímil disponible en http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/alciato/books.php?id=A49a
Alciato, A. (1550). Emblemata. Lyon: Macé Bonhomme & Guillaume Rouille. Edición facsímil disponible en http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/alciato/books.php?id=A50a
Anscombre, J.-C. (2010). Las formas sentenciosas: un fenómeno lingüístico. Revista de Investigación Lingüística, 13, 17-43.
Arewa, E. O. & Dundes, A. (1964). Proverbs and the Ethnography of Speaking Folklore, American Anthropologist, 66 (6), 70-85. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1964.66.suppl_3.02a00040.
Briggs, C. L. (1985). The Pragmatics of Proverb Performances in New Mexican Spanish. American Anthropologist, 87 (4), 793-810. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1985.87.4.02a00030.
Calero Fernández, M. Á. (1991). La imagen de la mujer a través de la tradición paremiológica española (Lengua y cultura) (Tesis doctoral). Lleida: Universitat de Barcelona.
Corpas Pastor, G. (1996). Manual de fraseología española. Madrid: Gredos.
Dobrovol’skij, D. & Piirainen, E. (2005). Figurative Language. Cross-Cultural and Cross-Linguistic Perspectives. Amsterdam & Boston: Elsevier.
Domínguez Barajas, E. (2010). The Function of Proverbs in Discourse: The Case of a Mexican Transnational Social Network. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter Mouton.
Doval, G. (1996). Diccionario de expresiones extranjeras. Madrid: Ediciones del Prado.
Doval, G. (1997). Refranero temático español. Madrid: Ediciones del Prado.
Forgas Berdet, E. (1982). Ensayo de reconstrucción paremiológica de cultura material: los ciclos del pan y del vino en las paremias hispanas. Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona.
Forgas Berdet, E. (1992). Lingüística, etnolingüística y paremiología. En: J. A. Bartol Hernández, J. de Santiago Guervós & J. F. García Santos (Coords.), Estudios filológicos en homenaje a Eugenio de Bustos
Tovar (vol. 1, pp. 293-302). Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca.
Garate, G. (1998). 27.173 Atsotitzak. Refranes. Proverbes. Proverbia. Bilbao: Fundación Bilbao Bizkaia Kutxa Fundazioa.
Herrero Llorente, V.-J. (1992). Diccionario de expresiones y frases latinas. Madrid: Gredos.
Jiménez Gazapo, P., Morillas Gómez, M. & Morillo Ruiz, R. (2012). La Musa sensata. Aforismos y proverbios en la sátira latina. Madrid: Cátedra.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1973). Toward a Theory of Proverb Meaning. Proverbium, 22, 821-827.
Langlotz, A. (2006). Idiomatic Creativity. A Cognitive-Linguistic Model of Idiom-Representation and Idiom-Variation in English. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Long, A. A. (2004 [1975]). La filosofía helenística. Estoicos, epicúreos, escépticos (trad. de P. Jordán de Urríes). Madrid: Alianza.
Martínez Kleiser, L. (1953). Refranero general ideológico español. Madrid: Hernando.
Meyer, W. (Ed.) (1880). Publilii Syri Mimi Sententiae. Leipzig: Teubner.
Miguel, A. de (2000). El espíritu de Sancho Panza. El carácter español a través de los refranes. Madrid: Espasa.
Nauck, A. (1889). Tragicorum Graecorum fragmenta. Leipzig: Teubner.
Norrick, N. R. (2007). Proverbs As Set Phrases. En: H. Burger, D. Dobrovol’skij, P. Kühn & N. R. Norrick (Eds.), Phraseology. An International Handbook of Contemporary Research (vol. 1, pp. 381-393). Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Orelli, J. K. (Ed.) (1824). Carmina sententiosa poetarum veterum latinorum et recentiorum quorundam. Tomus Prior. Publii Syri Mimi et aliorum Sententaie cum Laberii prologo et fragmentis moralibus. Leipzig: Friedrich Fleischer.
Ortiz García, P. (Ed.) (1995). Tabla de Cebes. Musonio Rufo: Disertaciones. Fragmentos menores. Epicteto: Manual. Fragmentos. Madrid: Gredos.
Pascual López, X. (2012). Fraseología española de origen latino y motivo grecorromano (Tesis doctoral). Lleida: Universitat de Lleida. Disponible en http://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/84020
Pascual López, X. (2015). El conformismo como motivo grecorromano en las paremias españolas. Paremia, 24, 31-42. Disponible en http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/paremia/pdf/024/003_pascual.pdf
Pawley, A. & Syder, F. H. (2000). The One Clause at a Time Hypothesis. En: H. Riggenbach (Ed.), Perspectives on Fluency (pp. 167-191). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Penadés Martínez, I. (2006). El valor discursivo de los refranes. ELUA. Estudios de Lingüística, 20, 287-304.
Piirainen, E. (2008). Figurative Phraseology and Culture. En: S. Granger & F. Meunier (Eds.), Phraseology. An Interdisciplinary Perspective (pp. 207-228). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Pruss, A. R. & Gale, R. M. (2005): Cosmological and Design Arguments. En: W. J. Wainright (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Religion (pp. 116-137). New York: Oxford University Press.
Ribbeck, O. (Ed.) (1855). Scenicae Romanorum poesis fragmenta. Vol. II. Comicorum Latinorum praeter Plautum et Terentium reliquiae. Leipzig: Teubner.
Sánchez Doncel, G. (2003). Diccionario de latinismos y frases latinas. Madrid: Noesis.
Sbarbi, J. M. (1943). Gran diccionario de refranes de la lengua española. Buenos Aires: Joaquín Gil.
Sellars, J. (2006). Stoicism (Ancient Philosophies). Durham: Acumen.
Sevilla Muñoz, J. (1988). Hacia una aproximación conceptual de las paremias francesas y españolas. Madrid: Complutense.
Sevilla Muñoz, J. & Crida Álvarez, C. A. (2013). Las paremias y su clasificación. Paremia, 22, 105-114.
Telija, V. N., Bragina, N., Oparina, E. & Sandomirskaja, I. (1998). Phraseology as a Language of Culture: Its Role in the Representation of a Collective Mentality. En: A. P. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology. Theory, Analysis, and Applications (pp. 55-75). Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
Tosi, R. (2007 [1991]). Dizionario delle sentenze latine e greche. Milano: Bur.
Veyrat Rigat, M. (2008). Aproximación lingüística al estudio del refrán como unidad comunicativa. Dialogía. Revista de lingüística, literatura y cultura, 3, 5-31.
Walther, H. (1963-1969). Proverbia sententiaeque latinatis medii ac recentionis aevi. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
White, G. M. (1987). Proverbs and Cultural Models. An American Psychology of Problem Solving. En: D. Holland & N. Quinn (Eds.), Cultural Models in Language and Thought (pp. 151-172). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wray, A. & Perkins, M. (2000). The Functions of Formulaic Language: An Integrated Model. Language and Communication, 20 (1), 1-28. DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5309(99)00015-4.
Zell, K. (Ed.) (1829). Publii Syri Sententiae cum F. I. Desbillontii emendationibus nunc primum editis Dionysii Catonis Disticha de moribus ad filium, Caelii Symposii Aenigmata. Stuttgart: Karl Hoffmann.
License
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)