Conclusion: The future of research into language learning strategies
PDF

Keywords

language learning strategies
future research directions
research methodology
classroom pedagogy

How to Cite

Pawlak, M., & Oxford, R. L. (2018). Conclusion: The future of research into language learning strategies. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 8(2), 525–535. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.2.15

Number of views: 1949


Number of downloads: 1076

Abstract

In this concluding paper to the special issue (SI) we seek to achieve three main goals. First, based on the papers it included in the SI, other recent publications as well as our own ideas, we point to the future directions of research into language learning strategies. Second, we comment upon the methodological issues that such research inevitably has to face, stressing in particular the need to combine a macro-and micro-perspective. Third, we emphasize the pedagogical orientation of such empirical investigations and make a plea for intensive efforts on the part of specialists to find ways in which the findings of LLS research can in fact inform classroom pedagogy.

https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.2.15
PDF

References

Amerstorfer, C. M., & Oxford, R. L. (2018). Conclusion: Lessons learned and the future of situated learning strategies. In R. L. Oxford & C. M. Amerstorfer (Eds.), Language learning strategies and individual learner characteristics: Situating strategy use in diverse contexts (pp. 287-297). London: Bloomsbury.

Becker, A., Rodriguez, J. C., Estrada, V., & Davis, A. (2016). Innovating language education: An NMC Horizon Project strategic brief. Austin, TX: The New Media Consortium.

Briggs, J. G. (2015). A context‐specific research tool to probe the out‐of‐class vocabulary‐related strategies of study‐abroad learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 25, 291-314.

Cohen, A. D. (2012). L2 learner strategies. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (Vol. II, pp. 681-698). London and New York: Routledge.

Cohen, A. D. (2014). Strategies in learning and using a second language. London and New York: Routledge.

Cohen, A. D., & Griffiths, C. (2015). Revisiting LLS research 40 years later. TESOL Quarterly, 49, 414-429.

Cohen, A. D., & Macaro, E. (Eds.). (2007). Language learner strategies: Thirty years of research and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cohen, A. D., & Wang, I. K.-H. (2018). Fluctuations in the functions of language learning strategies. System, 74, 169-182.

Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational self system. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity, and the self (pp. 9-42). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Dörnyei, Z. (2014). Researching complex dynamic systems: “Retrodictive qualitative modeling” in the language classroom. Language Teaching, 41, 80-91.

Dörnyei, Z., & Ryan, S. (2015). The psychology of the language learner revisited. New York, NY: Routledge.

Dörnyei, Z., MacIntyre, P. D., & Henry, A. (Eds.). (2015). Motivational dynamics in language learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gkonou, C. (2018). Listening to highly anxious EFL learners through the use of narratives: Metacognitive and affective strategies for learner self-regulation. In R. L. Oxford & C. M. Amerstorfer (Eds.), Language learning strategies and individual learner characteristics situating strategy use in diverse contexts (pp. 79-97). London. Bloomsbury.

Gkonou, C., & Oxford, R. L. (2016). Questionnaire: Managing your emotions for language learning: Draft 2. University of Essex, UK.

Golonka, E. M., Bowles, A. R., & Frank, V. M., Richardson, D. L, & Freynik, S. (2012). Technologies for foreign language learning: A review of technology types and their effectiveness. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27, 70-105.

Grenfell, M. J., & Harris, V. (2017). Language learner strategies: Contexts, issues and applications in second language learning and teaching. London: Bloomsbury.

Griffiths, C. (2013). The strategy factor in successful language learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Griffiths, C. (2018). The strategy factor in successful language learning: The tornado effect. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Griffiths, C., & Oxford, R. L. (2014). The twenty-first century landscape of language learning strategies: Introduction to this special issue. System, 43, 1-10.

Larsen-Freeman, D., & Cameron, L. (2007). Complex systems and applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Larson-Hall, J., & Herrington, R. (2010). Improving data analysis in second language acquisition by utilizing modern developments in applied statistics. Applied Linguistics, 31(3), 368-90.

Loewen, S. (2014). Introduction to instructed second language acquisition. London and New York: Routledge.

MacIntyre, P. D., & Legatto, J. J. (2011). A dynamic system approach to willingness to communicate: Developing an idiodynamic method to capture rapidly changing affect. Applied Linguistics, 32, 149-171.

Mizumoto, A., & Takeuchi, O. (2018). Modelling a prototypical use of language learning strategies: Decision tree-based methods in multiple contexts. In R. L. Oxford & C. M. Amerstorfer (Eds.), Language learning strategies and individual learner characteristics situating strategy use in diverse contexts (pp. 99-122). London: Bloomsbury.

Nassaji, H. (2017). Grammar acquisition. In S. Loewen & M. Sato (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of instructed second language acquisition (pp. 205-223). New York and London: Routledge.

Novella, S. (2015, Feb. 15). Psychological journal bans significance testing. Science Based Medicine. Retrieved from https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/psychology-journal-bans-significance-testing/

Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.

Oxford, R. L. (2011). Teaching and researching language learning strategies. Harlow: Pearson Education.

Oxford, R. L. (2017). Teaching and researching language learning strategies. Self-regulation in context. New York and London: Routledge.

Oxford, R. L. (2018). EMPATHICS: A complex dynamic systems (CDS) vision of language learner well-being. In J. L. Liontas (Ed.), The TESOL encyclopedia of English language teaching. San Francisco: Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0953

Oxford, R. L, & Amerstorfer, C. M. (Eds.). (2018). Language learning strategies and individual learner characteristics: Situating strategy use in diverse contexts. London: Bloomsbury.

Pawlak, M. (2011). Research into language learning strategies: Taking stock and looking ahead. In J. Arabski & A. Wojtaszek (Eds.), Individual differences in SLA (pp. 17-37). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Pawlak, M. (2013). Researching grammar learning strategies: Combining the macro- and micro-perspective. In Ł. Salski, W. Szubko-Sitarek, & J. Majer (Eds.), Perspectives on foreign language learning (pp. 191-220). Łódź, Poland: University of Łódź Press.

Pawlak, M., Mystkowska-Wiertelak, A., & Bielak, J. (2016). Investigating the nature of classroom WTC: A micro-perspective. Language Teaching Research, 20, 654-671.

Plonsky, L. (2011). The effectiveness of second language strategy instruction: A meta‐analysis. Language Learning, 61, 993-1038.

Plonsky, L., Egbert, J., & Laflair. G. T. (2015). Bootstrapping in applied linguistics: Assessing its potential using shared data. Applied Linguistics, 36(5), 591-610.

Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. & Zenotz, V. (2018). Learning strategies in CLIL classrooms: How does strategy instruction affect reading competence over time? International Journal of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education, 21, 319-331.

Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 10, 209-241.

Wen, E. Z. (2016). Working memory and second language learning: Towards an integrated approach. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Zimmerman, B. J., & Moylan, A. R. (2009). Self-regulation: Where metacognition and motivation intersect. In D. J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Handbook of metacognition in education (pp. 299-315). New York: Routledge.