Further exploring the dynamicity, situatedness, and emergence of the self: The key role of context
PDF

Keywords

complex dynamic systems
L2 motivation
L2 self
learning context

How to Cite

Serafini, E. J. (2020). Further exploring the dynamicity, situatedness, and emergence of the self: The key role of context. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 10(1), 133–157. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2020.10.1.7

Number of views: 898


Number of downloads: 703

Abstract

Drawing on theoretical insights from a complex dynamic systems framework, this work explores the ways that learner selves, as they relate to learning and using languages, manifest across different contexts and timescales and emerge in interaction with various factors. First, a broad overview of dynamically-oriented L2 motivation research is provided before critically considering the need for research that aligns with conceptual advances made under the dynamic turn in SLA. In particular, this critical overview highlights a crucial need for more research employing dynamic methods capable of revealing how learner perceptions of self emerge in relation to their interlocutors and in interaction with external factors, including language ideologies that may uniquely characterize sociocultural contexts where target languages other than English are learned. The chapter concludes by discussing ways to implement dynamically oriented methodology that can provide much needed insights into the inherent dynamic, emergent, and contextually and socially embedded nature of learner selves.

https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2020.10.1.7
PDF

References

Al-Hoorie, A. H. (2017). Sixty years of language motivation research: Looking back and looking forward. SAGE Open. http://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017701976

Beckner, C., Blythe, R., Bybee, J., Christiansen, M. H., Croft, W., Ellis, N., . . . Schoenemann, T. (2009). Language is a complex adaptive system: Position paper. Language Learning, 59, 1-26.

Benson, P. (2019). Ways of seeing: The individual and the social in applied linguistics research methodologies. Language Teaching, 52, 60-70.

Block, D. (2003). The social turn in second language acquisition. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Boo, Z., Dörnyei, Z., & Ryan, S. (2015). L2 motivation research 2005-2014: Understanding a publication surge and a changing landscape. System, 55, 145-157.

Consoli, S., & Aoyama, T. (2019). Longitudinal L2 motivation inquiry: A response to Lamb’s (2016) “When motivation research motivates: issues in long-term empirical investigations.” Innovations in Language Learning and Teaching. http://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2018.1548081

de Bot, K. (2008). Introduction: Second language development as a dynamic process. Modern Language Journal, 92, 166-178.

de Bot, K. (2015). A history of applied linguistics: From 1980 to the present. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

de Bot, K., Lowie, W., & Verspoor, M. (2007). A dynamic systems theory approach to second language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10, 7-21.

Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Dörnyei, Z. (2009a). The L2 motivational self system. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identities and the L2 self (pp. 9-42). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Dörnyei, Z. (2009b). Individual differences: Interplay of learner characteristics and learning environment. Language Learning, 59, 230-248.

Dörnyei, Z. (2010). The relationship between language aptitude and language learning motivation: Individual differences from a dynamic systems perspective. In E. Macaro (Ed.), Continuum companion to second language acquisition (pp. 247-267). London, UK: Continuum.

Dörnyei, Z. (2017). Conceptualizing learner individual differences in motivational dynamics. In L. Ortega & Z. Han (Eds.), Complexity theory and language development: In celebration of Diane Larsen-Freeman (pp. 79-96). John Benjamins.

Dörnyei, Z., & Ryan, S. (2015). The psychology of the language learner revisited. New York, NY: Routledge.

Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2009). Motivation, language identities and the L2 self. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Douglas Fir Group, The (2016). A transdisciplinary framework for SLA in a multilingual world. Modern Language Journal, 100, 19-47.

Firth, A., & Wagner, J. (1997). On discourse, communication, and (some) fundamental concepts in SLA research. Modern Language Journal, 81, 285-300.

Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.

Gardner, R. C. (2001). Integrative motivation and second language acquisition. In Z. Dörnyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 1-19). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Gregersen, T., MacIntyre, P. D., & Meza, M. D. (2014). The motion of emotion: Idiodynamic case studies of learners’ foreign language anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 98, 574-588.

Gurzynski-Weiss, L. (2017). Expanding individual difference research in the interaction approach: Investigating learners, instructors, and other interlocutors. In L. Gurzynski-Weiss (Ed.), Expanding individual difference research in the interaction approach: Investigating learners, instructors, and other interlocutors (pp. 4-15). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Henry, A. (2011). Examining the impact of L2 English on L3 selves: A case study. International Journal of Multilingualism, 8, 235-255.

Henry, A. (2015). The dynamics of possible selves. In Z. Dörnyei, P. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 83-94). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Henry, A. (2017). L2 motivation and multilingual identities. Modern Language Journal, 101, 548-565.

Henry, A., & Cliffordson, C. (2013). Motivation, gender, and possible selves. Language Learning, 63, 271-295.

Henry, A., Davydenko, S., & Dörnyei, Z. (2015). The anatomy of directed motivational currents: Exploring intense and enduring periods of L2 motivation. Modern Language Journal, 99, 329-345.

Herdina, P., & Jessner, U. (2002). A dynamic model of multilingualism: Perspectives of change in psycholinguistics. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.

Hiver, P., & Al-Hoorie, A. H. (2016). A dynamic ensemble for second language research: Putting complexity theory into practice. Modern Language Journal, 100, 741-756.

Jessner, U. (2008). A DST model of multilingualism and the role of metalinguistic awareness. Modern Language Journal, 92, 270-283.

Kim, T.-Y. (2009). The sociocultural interface between ideal self and ought-to self: A case study of two Korean students’ ESL motivation. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity, and the L2 self (pp. 274-294). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Kim, H. (2019). The effects of experience abroad, English self-efficacy, and proficiency on the L2 motivational selves: A study of Korean EFL university students. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching. http://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2019.1579218

King, J. (2016). Introduction to the dynamic interplay between context and the language learner. In J. King (Ed.), The dynamic interplay between context and the language learner (pp. 1-10). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.

Lamb, M. (2012). A self-system perspective on young adolescents’ motivation to learn English in urban and rural settings. Language Learning, 62, 997-1023.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (1997). Chaos/complexity science and second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 18, 140-165.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2002). Language acquisition and language use from a chaos/complexity theory perspective. In C. Kramsch (Ed.), Language acquisition and language socialization (pp. 33-46). London: Continuum.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2012). Complex, dynamic systems: A new transdisciplinary theme for applied linguistics? Language Teaching, 45, 202-214.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2015a). Ten ‘lessons’ from complex dynamic systems theory: What is on offer. In Z. Dörnyei, P. D. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 11-19). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2015b). Complexity theory. In B. VanPatten & J. Williams (Eds.), Theories in second language acquisition (2nd ed., pp. 227-244). London: Routledge.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2017). The lessons continue. In L. Ortega & Z. Han, (Eds.), Complexity theory and language development: In celebration of Diane Larsen-Freeman (pp. 11-50). John Benjamins.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2018). Looking ahead: Future directions in, and future research into, second language acquisition. Modern Language Journal, 51, 55-72.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2020). Complexity Theory: Relational systems in interaction and in interlocutor differences in second language development. In L. Gurzynski-Weiss (Ed.), Cross-theoretical explorations of interlocutors and their individual differences. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Larsen-Freeman, D., & Cameron, L. (2008a). Complex systems and applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Larsen-Freeman, D., & Cameron, L. (2008b). Research methodology on language development from a complex systems perspective. Modern Language Journal, 92, 200-213.

Lasagabaster, D. (2016). The relationship between motivation, gender, L1 and possible selves in English-medium instruction. International Journal of Multilingualism, 13, 315-332.

Lasagabaster, D. (2017). Language learning motivation and language attitudes in multilingual Spain from an international perspective. Modern Language Journal, 101, 583-596.

Leeman, J. (2015). Identity and heritage language education in the United States. Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 100-119.

Leeman, J. (2018). Critical language awareness and Spanish as a heritage language: Challenging the linguistic subordination of US Latinxs. In K. Potowski (Ed.), Handbook of Spanish as a minority/heritage language (pp. 345-358). New York: Routledge.

MacIntyre, P. D., & Legatto, J. J. (2011). A dynamic system approach to willingness to communicate: Developing an idiodynamic method to capture rapidly changing affect. Applied Linguistics, 32, 149-171.

May, S. (Ed.). (2014). The multilingual turn: Implications for SLA, TESOL, and bilingual education. New York, NY: Routledge.

Markus, H. R., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954-969.

Mercer, S. (2011a). Towards an understanding of language learner self-concept. Dordrecht: Springer.

Mercer, S. (2011b). Language learner self-concept: Complexity, continuity and change. System, 39, 335-346.

Mercer, S. (2014). The self from a complexity perspective. In S. Mercer & M. Williams (Eds.), Multiple perspectives on the self in SLA (pp. 160-176). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Mercer, S. (2015a). Social network analysis and complex dynamic systems. In Z. Dörnyei, P. D. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 73-82). Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.

Mercer, S. (2015b). Dynamics of the self: A multilevel nested systems approach. In Z. Dörnyei, P. D. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 139-163). Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.

Mercer, S. (2016). The contexts within me: L2 self as a complex dynamic system. In J. King (Ed.), The dynamic interplay between context and the language learner (pp. 11-28). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.

Pawlak, M. (2012). The dynamic nature of motivation in language learning: A classroom perspective. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2, 249-278.

Pawlak, M., Mystkowska-Wiertelak, A. & Bielak, J. (2016). Investigating the nature of willingness to communicate (WTC): A micro-perspective. Language Teaching Research, 20, 654-671.

Pellegrino, V. A. (2005). Study abroad and second language use: Constructing the self. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Sampson, R. (2012). The language-learning self, self-enhancement activities, and self perceptual change. Language Teaching Research, 16, 317-335.

Segalowitz, N., & Trofimovich, P. (2012). Second language processing. In S. Gass & A. Mackey (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 179-192). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

Serafini, E. J. (2017). Exploring the dynamic long-term interaction between cognitive and psychosocial resources in adult second language development at varying proficiency. Modern Language Journal, 101, 369-390.

Serafini, E. J. (2019). Further situating learner possible selves in context: A proposal to replicate Henry & Cliffordson (2013) & Lasagabaster (2016). Language Teaching. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444819000144

Serafini, E. J. (2020). The impact of learner perceptions of interlocutor IDs on learner possible selves during a short-term experience abroad. In L. Gurzynski-Weiss (Ed.), Cross-theoretical explorations of interlocutors and their individual differences (pp. 210-243). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Sugita McEown, M., Noels, K. A., & Chaffee, K. E. (2014). At the interface of the socio-educational model, self-determination theory and the L2 motivational self system models. In K. Csizér & M. Magid (Eds.), The impact of self-concept on language learning (pp. 19-50). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Thompson, A. S. (2017). Language learning motivation in the United States: An examination of language choice and multilingualism. Modern Language Journal, 101, 483-500.

Thompson, A. S., & Aslan, E. (2015). Multilingualism, perceived positive language interaction (PPLI), and learner beliefs: What do Turkish students believe? International Journal of Multilingualism, 12, 259-275.

Thompson, A. S., & Erdil-Moody, Z. (2014). Operationalizing multilingualism: Language learning motivation in Turkey. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2, 1-18.

Thompson, A. S., & Vásquez, C. (2015). Exploring motivational profiles through language learning narratives. Modern Language Journal, 99, 158-174.

Ushioda, E. (1996). Developing a dynamic concept of L2 motivation. In T. Hickey & J. Williams (Eds.), Language, education and society in a changing world (pp. 239-245). Dublin: IRAAL/Multilingual Matters.

Ushioda, E. (2009). A person-in-context relational view of emergent motivation, self and identity. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 215-228). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Ushioda, E. (2011). Context matters: A brief commentary on the papers by Housen et al. and Muñoz. IRAL, 49, 187-189.

Ushioda, E. (2015). Context and complex dynamic systems theory. In Z. Dörnyei, P. D. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 47-54). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Ushioda, E. (2017). The impact of global English on motivation to learn other languages: Towards an ideal multilingual self. Modern Language Journal, 101, 469-482.

van Geert, P. L. C. (1994). Dynamic systems of development: Change between complexity and chaos. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

van Geert, P. L. C. (1995). Growth dynamics in development. In R. F. Port & T. van Gelder (Eds.), Mind as motion: Explorations in the dynamics of cognition (pp. 313-338). Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/The MIT Press.

Verspoor M. H., de Bot K., & Lowie W. (Eds.). (2011). A dynamic approach to second language development: Methods and techniques. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Verspoor, M. H., Lowie, W., & Van Dijk, M. (2008) Variability in second language development from a dynamic systems perspective. Modern Language Journal, 92(2), 214-231.

Waninge, F., Dörnyei, Z., & de Bot, K. (2014). Motivational dynamics in language learning: Change, stability, and context. Modern Language Journal, 98, 704-723.