Higher education teachers’ attitudes towards English medium instruction: A three-country comparison
PDF

Keywords

English medium instruction
university
teacher attitudes

How to Cite

Dearden, J., & Macaro, E. (2016). Higher education teachers’ attitudes towards English medium instruction: A three-country comparison. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 6(3), 455–486. https://doi.org/10.14746/sllt.2016.6.3.5

Number of views: 3479


Number of downloads: 1306

Abstract

We report on a small scale study carried out in Austria, Italy and Poland which investigated the attitudes of university teachers engaged in teaching their academic subject through the medium of English. The data consisted of 25 teacher interviews. We focused on the topics of internationalisation of universities, on policy and resourcing, and on the levels of English proficiency (theirs and those of their students) needed for effective English medium instruction (EMI). We also observed whether there were differences among the respondents from the three countries and attempted to relate any differences to the linguistic, educational and political context of each. Our findings suggest that whilst very similar concerns are in the minds of the teachers regardless of the country they were teaching in, some interesting variability in attitudes, relating to language and to history, could be detected. To our knowledge, this is the first study on EMI that compares teacher attitudes in three countries, hence its exploratory nature. Our findings would suggest that further research of such comparative kind might provide insights into how the phenomenon of EMI is being introduced and accepted across the world.

https://doi.org/10.14746/sllt.2016.6.3.5
PDF

References

Airey, J. (2012). “I don't teach language.” The linguistic attitudes of physics lecturers in Sweden. In U. Smit & E. Dafouz (Eds.), Integrating content and language in higher education (AILA Review, 25) (pp. 64-79). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Ball, P., Kelly, K., & Clegg, J. (2015). Putting CLIL into practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Belhiah, H., & Elhami, M. (2015). English as a medium of instruction in the Gulf: When students and teachers speak. Language Policy, 14, 3-23.

Brenn-White, M., & van Rest, E. (2012). English-taught master’s programs in Europe: New findings on supply and demand. Institute of International Education. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Publications-and-Reports/IIE-Bookstore/English-Language-Masters-Briefing-Paper

Brenn-White, M., & Faethe, E. (2013). English-taught master’s programs in Europe: A 2013 update. Institute of International Education. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Publications-and-Reports/IIE-Bookstore/English-Language-Masters-Briefing-Paper

Byun, K., Chu, H., Kim, M., Park, I., Kim, S., & Jung, J. (2011). English-medium teaching in Korean higher education: Policy debates and reality. Higher Education, 62(4), 431-449.

Carr, N. (2003). University and college students’ tourism. In B. Ritchie (Ed.), Managing educational tourism (pp. 181-225). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Chapple, J. (2015). Teaching in English is not necessarily the teaching of English. International Education Studies, 8(3), 1-13.

Coleman, J. A. (2006). English-medium teaching in European higher education. Language Teaching, 39, 1-14.

Costa, F., & Coleman, J. A. (2013). A survey of English-medium instruction in Italian higher education. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(1), 3-19.

Cots, J. M. (2013). Introducing English medium instruction at the University of Lleida: Policy, beliefs and practices. In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster, & J. M. Sierra (Eds.), English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges. (pp. 106-130). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Coyle D., Hood, P., & Marsh, D. (2010). CLIL: Content and language integrated learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dafouz, E., & Guerrini, M. C. (Eds.). (2009). CLIL across educational levels: Experiences from primary, secondary and tertiary contexts. Madrid: Santillana Educación/Richmond.

Dalton-Puffer, C., & Smit, U. (Eds.). (2007). Empirical perspectives on CLIL classroom discourse. Frankfurt am Main: Lang.

Dearden, J. (2015). English as a medium of instruction: A growing global phenomenon. London: British Council. Retrieved August 2016 from https://www.britishcouncil.org/education/ihe/knowledge-centre/english-language-higher-education/report-english-medium-instruction

Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. (2013a). English as L3 at a bilingual university in the Basque country, Spain. In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster, & J. M. Sierra (Eds.), English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges (pp. 106-130). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. (2013b). Globalisation, internationalisation, multilingualism and linguistic strains in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(9), 1407-1421.

Dooley, M., & Masats, D. (2015). A critical appraisal of foreign language research in CLIL, young learners, and technology-enhanced language learning in Spain (2003-2012). Language Teaching, 48(3), 343-372.

European Commission (2012). Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and their languages – a report. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf

European Ministers of Education (1999). The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999: Joint declaration of the European Ministers of Education. Retrieved from http://www.magna-charta.org/resources/files/BOLOGNA_DECLARATION.pdf

Francomacaro, M. R. (2011). English as a medium of instruction at an Italian Engineering faculty: An investigation of structural features and pragmatic functions (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.

Graddol, D. (2006). English next. London: British Council.

Grandinetti, M., Langelotti, M., & Ting, Y. L. (2013). How can CLIL can provide a pragmatic means to renovate science education – even in a sub-optimally bilingual context. Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(3), 354-374.

Guarda, M., & Helm, F. (2016). 'I have discovered new teaching pathways’: The link between language shift and teaching practice. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Advance online publication. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2015.1125848

Güruz, K. (2008). Higher education and student mobility in the global knowledge economy. New York: State University of New York Press.

Hamid, M. O., Jahan, I., & Islam, M. M. (2013). Medium instruction policies and language practices, ideologies and institutional divides: voices of teachers and students in a private university in Bangladesh. Current Issues in Language Planning, 14, 144-163.

Helm, F., & Guarda, M. (2015). Improvisation is not allowed in a second language: A survey of Italian lecturers’ concerns about teaching their subjects through English. Language Learning in Higher Education, 5, 353-373.

Hultgren, A. K. (2012). Lexical borrowing from English into Danish in the sciences: An empirical investigation of domain loss. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 23(2), 166-182.

Hultgren, A. K. (2014). English language use at the internationalised universities of Northern Europe: Is there a correlation between Englishisation and world rank? Multilingua, 33(3), 389-411.

Jensen. C., & Thøgersen, J. (2011). University lecturers’ attitudes towards English as the Medium of Instruction. Iberica, 22, 13-33.

Joe, Y., & Lee, H. K. (2013). Does English-medium instruction benefit students in EFL contexts? A case study of medical students in Korea. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 22(2), 201-207.

Kiliçkaya, F. (2000). Instructors’ attitudes towards English-medium instruction in Turkey. Humanizing Language Teaching, 8(6). Retrieved from http://www.hltmag.co.uk/nov06/mart01.htm

Kirkpatrick, T. A. (2011). Internationalization or Englishization: Medium of instruction in today’s universities. Hong Kong: Centre for Governance and Citizenship, the Hong Kong Institute of Education.

Klaassen, R., & Räsänen, A. (2006). Assessment and staff development in higher education for English-medium instruction: A question-raising article. In R. Wilkinson, V. Zegers, & C. van Leeuwen (Eds.), Bridging the assessment gap in English-medium higher education (pp. 235-53). Bochum: AKS.

Knight, J. (2013). ‘The changinglandscape of higher education internationalisation – for better or worse?’ Perspectives: Policy and practice in higher education, 17, 84-90.

Lam, Q., & Wächter, B. (2014). Executive summary. In B. Wächter & F. Maiworm (Eds.), English-taught programmes in European higher education: The state of play in 2014. Bonn: Lemmens.

Lehikoinen, A. (2004). Foreign-language-medium education as national strategy. In R. Wilkinson (Ed.), Integrating content and language. Meeting the challenge of multilingual higher education. Proceedings of the ICL Conference, 23 October 2003 (pp. 41-48). Maastricht: Maastricht University Press.

Lei, J., & Hu, G. W. (2014). Is English-medium instruction effective in improving Chinese undergraduate students’ English competence? International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 52, 99-126.

Macaro, E. (2015) English medium instruction: Time to start asking some difficult questions. Modern English Teacher, 24(2), 4-8.

Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego. (2013). Szkolnictwo wyższe w Polsce. Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego.

Murphy, V. (2014). Second language learning in the early school years: Trends and contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

O’Dowd, R. (2015). The training and accreditation of teachers for English medium instruction: A survey of European universities. Retrieved from http://sgroup.be/sites/default/files/EMI%20Survey_Report_ODowd.pdf

Othman, J., & Saat, R. M. (2009). Challenges of using English as a medium of instruction: Pre-service science teachers’ perspectives. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 18(2), 307-316.

Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Phillipson, R. (2009). Linguistic imperialism continued. London: Routledge.

Piotrowski, M. (2012). Higher education in Poland. Retrieved from Mastersportal: http://www.mastersportal.eu/articles/288/higher-education-in-poland.html?retry=1

Probyn, M. (2006). Language and learning science in South Africa. Language and Education, 20(5), 391-414.

Ramanthan, V. (2014). Overcoming colonial policies of divide and rule: Postcolonialism’s harnessing of the vernaculars. Review of Research in Education, 38, 290-311.

Rauhvargers, A. (2013). Global university rankings and their impact: Report ii. European University Association. Retrieved from http://www.eua.be/Libraries/Publications_homepage_list/EUA_Global_University_Rankings_and_Their_Impact_-_Report_II.sflb.ashx

Rogier, D. (2012). The effects of English-medium instruction on language proficiency of students enrolled in higher education in the UAE (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Exeter, UK.

Rollnick, M. (2000). Current issues and perspectives on second language learning of science. Studies in Science Education, 35, 93-122.

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Studying in Austria. (2016). Retrieved from The Complete University Guide website: http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/international/europe/austria/

Tarnopolsky, O., & Goodman, B. (2014). The ecology of language in classrooms at a university in eastern Ukraine. Language and Education, 28(4), 383-396.

Tatzl, D. (2011). English-medium masters’ programmes at an Austrian university of applied sciences: Attitudes, experiences and challenges. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 10, 252-270.

Unterberger, B. (2012). English-medium programmes at Austrian business faculties: A status quo survey on national trends and a case study on programme design and delivery. AILA Review, 25, 80-100.

Unterberger, B. (2014). English-medium degree programmes in Austrian tertiary business studies: Policies and programme design (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://j.mp/UnterbergerEMI

Unterberger, B., & Wilhelmer, N. (2011). English-medium education in economics and business studies: Capturing the status quo at Austrian universities. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 161, 90-110.

Wächter, B., & Maiworm, F. (Eds.). (2014). English-taught programmes in European higher education, the state of play in 2014. Bonn: Lemmens.

Werther, C., Denver, C., Jensen, C., & Mees, I. G. (2014). Using English as a medium of instruction at university level in Denmark: The lecturer’s perspective. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 35(5), 443-462.

Wingate, U. (2015). Academic literacy and student diversity: The case for inclusive practice. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Yassin, S., Tek, O., Alimon, H., Baharom, S., & Ying, l. (2010). Teaching science through English: Engaging pupils cognitively. International CLIL Research Journal, 1(3), 46-59.

Yoxsimer Paulsrud, B. (2014). English-medium instruction in Sweden. Perspectives and practices in two upper secondary schools. Stockholm: Stockholm University, Department of Language Education.