Słowa kluczowe
media
Russia
Ukraine
war
Jak cytować
Liczba wyświetleń: 14
Liczba pobrań: 10
Abstrakt
It is beyond dispute that Russian aggression against Ukraine is also discernible at the linguistic level. In the context of military operations, any state engaged in aggressive behaviour will seek to disseminate propaganda that expresses hatred towards the target state. In the aforementioned case, it employs a moderate form of this type of discourse at the official level. Concurrently, a society that is prepared to disseminate hate speech reproduces in other forms. This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of the manifestation of hatred in Russian state media, with a detailed examination of this phenomenon in the comments of ordinary users. The content of these comments is entirely consistent with the key tenets of Russian propaganda, which have long held a prominent position in the country’s information landscape. The objective of this study is to identify the primary thematic domains and linguistic techniques employed in hate speech in Russian media, with illustrative examples provided.
Bibliografia
Beck, Aaron T., James Pretzer. „Cognitive Perspective on Hate and Violence”. The psychology of hate. Ed. Robert J. Sternberg. Washington DC, American Psychological Association, 2005, s. 67–85.
Culpeper, Jonathan. „Impoliteness and hate speech: Compare and contrast”. Journal of Pragmatics, 179, 2021, s. 4–11.
Denisova, Аlina. „Âzyk vraždy: nekotorye osobennosti sudebnyh lingvističeskih èkspertiz”. Izvestiâ rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogičeskogo universiteta im. A.I. Gercena, 7, 2008, s. 54–58.
Di Pasquale, Massimiliano, Luigi Sergio Germani. Dezinformacija e misure attive: le narrazioni strategiche filo-Cremlino in Italia sulla guerra in Ucraina. Research paper. Roma, Istituto Gino Germani di Scienze Sociali e Studi Strategici, 2023.
„European Parliament resolution on recognising the Russian Federation as a state sponsor of terrorism (2022-2896(RSP)”. European Parliament. Web. 21.11.2022. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/RC-9-2022-0482_EN.html.
Evstafʹeva, Anna. Âzyk vraždy v sredstvah massovoj informacii: lingvističeskie i èkstralingvističeskie faktory funkcionirovaniâ. Avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie učenoj stepeni kandidata filologičeskih nauk. Tambovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, Tambov, 2009.
Gasparân, Armen. DenNACIfikaciâ Ukrainy: strana nevyučennyh urokov. Sankt-Peterburg, Piter, 2018.
Gregor, A. James. „Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism”. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 1, 31, 1998, s. 1–15.
Horbačova, Ol’ha. „Mova vorožnečì: ksenofobìâ čy bezladnìstʹ?”. Pravyj èkstremìzm ì tolerantnìstʹ: z Dosvìdu Ukraïny ta Nìmeččyny. Kyiv, Zapovìt, 2008, s. 36–42.
Huš, Ûlìâ. „Vìd navìšuvannâ ârlykìv do zaklykìv do henocydu: Čym nebezpečna mova vorožnečì ta pryčomu tut rosìjsʹkì propahandysty”. Êvro Harkìv. Web. 08.07.2023. https://euro.kharkiv.ua/vid-navishuvannya-yarlykiv-do-zaklykiv-do-genoczydu-chym-nebezpechna-movavorozhnechi-ta-prychomu-tut-rosijski-propagandysty/.
Karaičev, Dmitrij. Formirovanie v rossijskoj naučnoj istoriografii ûridičeskoj koncepcii ob antikonstitucionnom haraktere peredači Krymskoj oblasti v 1954 g. iz sostava RSFSR v sostav Ukrainskoj SSR. Moskva, KnigIydat, 2019.
Korobkova, Ol’ga. „Markery âzyka vraždy v nominaciâh ètničeskoj prinadležnosti: sociolingvističeskij aspekt”. Izvestiâ Rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogičeskogo universiteta im. A.I. Gercena, 111, 2009, s. 200–204.
MacFarquhar, Neil, Milana Mazaeva. „In Russian Schools, It’s Recite Your ABC’s and «Love Your Army»”. The New York Times, 03.06.2023. Web. 10.03.2025. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/03/world/europe/russia-schools-military-war.html.
Mamedov, Gûnduz. „Zaklyky do henocydu: âke pokarannâ čekaê na kremlìvsʹkyh propahandystìv?”, Radio Svoboda, 14.03.2022. Web. 10.03.2025. https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/zlochynyrosiyski-propahandysty-henotsyd/31752518.html.
Masìênko, Ûlìâ et al. „Rosìjsʹkyj prapor bude tam, de ê rosìjsʹka mova: Fond «Russkij mir». Doslidžennâ”. Ukraïnsʹkyj instytut, 2022. Web. 10.03.2025. https://ui.org.ua/sectors/russkiy-mir-foundation/.
Mendel, Toby. „Hate speech rules under international law”. Centre for Law and Democracy. 2010. Web. 19.03.2025. https://teaching.globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu/resources/hatespeech-rules-under-international-law.
Ohryzko, Volodymyr. Rozpad Rosìï: zahroza čy šans?. Kyiv, DP GDIP, 2021. Protected characteristic. Web. 02.11.2024. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/protectedcharacteristic.
„Recomendation No. R (97) 20 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on «Hate Speech»”. Council of Europe. Web. 19.03.2025. https://rm.coe.int/1680505d5b.
Valenti, Stefano. „Hate Speech in the Context of Armed Conflicts”. Human Rights Center Antonio Papisca, 12.02.2024. Web. 10.03.2025. https://unipd-centrodirittiumani.it/en/schede/Hate-Speech-in-the-Context-of-Armed-Conflicts/519.
Waldron, Jeremy. The Harm in Hate Speech. Cambridge (MA), Harvard University Press, 2012.
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Oleg Rumyantsev, Olha Tuluzakova
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Międzynarodowe.