Abstract
Developing plurilingual and intercultural awareness is an essential aspect of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) teacher training programmes in countries like Poland, with its population becoming more diverse linguistically. Plurilingual and pluricultural awareness can aid teachers in teaching early foreign languages efficiently and in working with children from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. To achieve this goal, language portraits have been recognised as a useful tool in transformative and multilingual pedagogy (Coffey 2015; Hopp et.al. 2020; Lau 2016) as they help educators become more aware of their linguistic repertoires and how they can use them when working with young learners (Prasad 2020; Soares et al. 2021).
This study analyses language repertoires of 75 pre-primary educators utilising the techniques of language portrait presented in the PEPELINO portfolio (Goullier et al. 2015). The content analysis of data indicates a vast repertoire of languages present in the teachers’ lives; however, they are significant only in the emotional dimension and less in the cognitive and communicative ones. This finding is interpreted as a result of a solid monolingual ideology rooted in the teachers, lack of plurilingual and pluricultural awareness and thus foreseeing difficulties in teaching a foreign language or in linguistically diverse classes. Guidelines for ECEC teacher education are provided.
Literaturhinweise
Alisaari, J. / Heikkola, L.M. / Commins, N. / Acquah, E. (2019). Monolingual ideologies confronting multilingual realities. Finnish teachers’ beliefs about linguistic diversity. Teaching and teacher education, 80, 48–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.01.003
Beacco, J.-C. / Byram, M. (2007). From linguistic diversity to plurilingual education: Guide for the development of language education policies in Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016802fc1c4
Braun, V. / Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Busch, B. (2018). The language portrait in multilingualism research: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Working Papers in Urban Languages and Literacies, 236, 1–13.
Busch, B. (2021). The body image: taking an evaluative stance towards semiotic resources. International Journal of Multilingualism, 18(2), 190–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2021.1898618
Coffey, S. (2015). Reframing teachers’ language knowledge through metaphor analysis of language portraits. The Modern Language Journal, 99(3), 500–514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12235
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Council of Europe (2018). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment – Companion volume. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
European Commission (2011). Language learning at pre-primary school level: making it efficient and sustainable. Policy Handbook. Brussels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/languages/pdf/ellpwp_en.pdf
Glaser, E. (2007). Plurilingual and pluricultural awareness in language teacher education: A training kit (LEA). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing. https://www.ecml.at/Portals/1/documents/ECML-resources/LEA-EN.pdf?ver=2018-04-03-112240-807
Goullier, F. / Carré-Karlinger, C. / Orlova, N. / Roussi, M. (2015). European language portfolio for pre-primary educators. The plurilingual and intercultural dimension. Strasbourg / Graz: European Centre for Modern Languages of the Council of Europe. https://www.ecml.at/Portals/1/mtp4/pepelino/pepelino-EN-web.pdf
Hopp, H. / Jakisch, J. / Sturm, S. / Becker, C. / Thoma, D. (2020). Integrating multilingualism into the early foreign language classroom: Empirical and teaching perspectives. International Multilingual Research Journal, 14(2), 146–162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2019.1669519
Kalaja, P. / Melo-Pfeifer, S. (eds.) (2021). Visualizing multilingual lives: More than Words. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Kramsch, C. (2009). The multilingual subject. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kress, G. / Leeuwen van, T. (2006). Reading images. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203619728
Lau, S.M.C. (2016). Language, identity, and emotionality: Exploring the potential of language portraits in preparing teachers for diverse learners. The New Educator, 12(2), 147–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1547688X.2015.1062583
Ministry of Polish Education (2017). Regulation on the New Core Curriculum for Kindergarten and General Education in Primary school, Dz.U. [Journal of Laws] 14 Feb. 2017. pos. 356. http://www.dziennikustaw.gov.pl/DU/2017/356
Obojska, M.A. (2019). Trilingual repertoires, multifaceted experiences: multilingualism among Poles in Norway. International Multilingual Research Journal, 13(4), 257–276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2019.1611337
Otwinowska, A. (2017). English teachers’ language awareness: Away with the monolingual bias? Language Awareness, 26(4), 304–324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2017.1409752
Pavlenko, A. / Blackledge, A. (eds.) (2004). Negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853596483
Perez-Peitx, M. / Civera López, I. / Sangra, J.P. (2019). Awareness of plurilingual competence in teacher education. In: P Kalaja, / S. Melo-Pfeifer (eds.), Visualising multilingual lives. More than words (pp. 232–254). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.22730729.19
Pinho, A.S. (2019). Plurilingual education and the identity development of preservice language teachers: An illustrative example. In: P. Kalaja / S. Melo-Pfeifer (eds.), Visualising multilingual lives. More than words (pp. 214–231). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.22730729.18
Prasad, G. (2014). Portraits of plurilingualism in a French international school in Toronto: Exploring the role of visual methods to access students’ representations of their linguistically diverse identities. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 17(1), 51–77.
Prasad, G. (2020). ‘How does it look and feel to be plurilingual?’: Analysing children’s representations of plurilingualism through collage. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(8), 902–924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2017.1420033
Quirk, J. (2008). Meaning through the metaphor. Visual dialogue and the picturing of abstraction. A synthesis presented and submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts
Boston, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. https://www.cct.umb.edu/quirk.pdf
Recommendation 1539 (2001). European year of languages. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/conventions_EN.asp
Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri_OJ:L:2006:394:0010:0018:en:PDF
Recommendation R (1998). 6 linguistic diversification. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/conventions_EN.asp
Rokita-Jaśkow, J. (2013). Foreign language learning at pre-primary level: Parental aspirations and educational practice. Kraków: Pedagogical University Press.
Rokita-Jaśkow, J. (2023). EFL teacher agency in mediating the socialisation of multilingual learners. Glottodidactica, 50(1), 191–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/gl.2023.50.1.10
Rokita-Jaśkow, J. / Król-Gierat, W. (2021). Preparing teachers of early childhood education to teach a foreign language: The PEPELINO portfolio in practice. Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji, 52(1), 153–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/pwe.2021.52.11
Soares, C.T. / Duarte, J. / Günther-van der Meij, M. (2021). ‘Red is the colour of the heart’: Making young children’s multilingualism visible through language portraits. Language and Education, 35(1), 22–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2020.1833911
Szczepaniak-Kozak, A. / Farrell, A. / Ballweg, S. / Daase, A. / Wąsikiewicz-Firlej, E. / Materson, M. (2023). Promoting multilingual practices in school and home environments. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737015639
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2024 Werona Król-Gierat, Joanna Rokita-Jaśkow
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International.
Authors
Authors of texts accepted for publication in Glottodidactica are required to complete, sign and return to the editor's office the Agreement for granting a royalty-free license to works with a commitment to grant a CC sub-license.
Under the agreement, the authors of texts published in Glottodidactica grant the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań a non-exclusive, royalty-free license and authorize the use of Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) Creative Commons sub-license.
The authors retain the right to continue the free disposal of the work.
Users
Interested Internet users are entitled to use works published in Glottodidactica since 2016, under the following conditions:
- attribution - obligation to provide, together with the distributed work, information about the authorship, title, source (link to the original work, DOI) and the license itself.
- no derivatives - the work must be preserved in its original form, without the author's consent it is not possible to distribute the modified work, such as translations, publications, etc.
Copyrights are reserved for all texts published before 2016.
Miscellaneous
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań retains the right to magazines as a whole (layout, graphic form, title, cover design, logo etc.).