Internacjonaliści i miejscowi – międzynarodowa współpraca badawcza w Polsce na mikropoziomie indywidualnych naukowców

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Opublikowane: gru 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/nisw.2019.1-2.2
Słowa kluczowe:
współpraca naukowa, kariera akademicka, wzorce produktywności naukowej, umiędzynarodowienie badań

Main Article Content

Marek Kwiek
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-1063

Abstrakt

W tekście porównano „internacjonalistów” i „miejscowych” (czyli badaczy umiędzynarodowionych i lokalnych w badaniach naukowych) – pierwsi to naukowcy zaangażowani w międzynarodową współpracę badawczą, a drudzy w nią niezaangażowani. Jako wyraźnie zdefiniowana grupa polskich naukowców (51,4%), internacjonaliści stanowią ich odrębny typ. Dehermetyzacja polskiego systemu nauki stawia miejscowych w radykalnie trudniejszej sytuacji. Procesy nazwane przez nas „skumulowaną przewagą z racji umiędzynarodowienia” i „skumulowaną stratą z racji braku umiędzynarodowienia” zachodzą jednocześnie, dzieląc środowisko naukowe pod względem prestiżu, uznania i dostępu do konkurencyjnego finansowania badań. Umiędzynarodowienie w badaniach naukowych jest potężną siłą rozwarstwiającą nie tylko instytucje (powodującą ich pionowe zróżnicowanie), ale także ich wydziały (doprowadzając do segmentacji poziomej). Wyłaniają się zatem wysoce umiędzynarodowione instytucje, wydziały, grupy badawcze i indywidualni naukowcy. Przetestowano dziewięć hipotez roboczych dotyczących płci, wieku i stanowiska, współpracy krajowej, poziomu produktywności badawczej, rozkładu czasu pracy, orientacji na role akademickie, predyktorów bycia internacjonalistą i typu produktywności badawczej. Internacjonaliści to głównie mężczyźni i naukowcy starsi, mający dłuższe doświadczenie akademickie i wyższe stopnie naukowe. We wszystkich klastrach dyscyplin akademickich internacjonaliści generują ponad 90% publikacji powstałych w ramach współpracy międzynarodowej: brak współpracy międzynarodowej w praktyce oznacza brak międzynarodowych publikacji współautorskich. Internacjonaliści są znacznie bardziej produktywni jeśli chodzi o międzynarodowe publikacje współautorskie: reprezentują 2320% produktywności miejscowych w przypadku artykułów recenzowanych i 1600% w przypadku ich ekwiwalentów. Internacjonaliści poświęcają mniej czasu na działalność dydaktyczną, więcej na badania i więcej na obowiązki administracyjne. W Polsce większość kobiet naukowców stanowią miejscowi (55%), a większość mężczyzn – internacjonaliści (56%). W związku z tym awans kobiet na drabinie akademickiej opartej o osiągnięcia czysto naukowe będzie z czasem prawdopodobnie dłuższy, a dostęp do coraz bardziej konkurencyjnych funduszy indywidualnych na badania – coraz bardziej utrudniony. Nasze analizy wielowymiarowe (regresja logistyczna) zidentyfikowały nowe predyktory zaangażowania w międzynarodową współpracę badawczą. Wyniki analiz przeprowadzonych w oparciu o rozległe badanie ankietowe (n = 3704 zwróconych kwestionariuszy) prowadzą do wniosków dotyczących kariery akademickiej, wzorców produktywności i umiędzynarodowienia badań naukowych.

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Article Details

Numer
Nr 1-2(53-54) (2019): Badania, Publikacje i Kadra Akademicka
Dział
Artykuły
Biogram autora

Marek Kwiek, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

MAREK KWIEK – prof. dr hab., dyrektor Centrum Studiów nad Polityką Publiczną (od 2002) i kierownik katedry UNESCO Badań Instytucjonalnych i Polityki Szkolnictwa Wyższego (od 2012) na UAM w Poznaniu. Zajmuje się ilościowymi badaniami nauki, socjologią karier akademickich i badaniami nad szkolnictwem wyższym. Jego zainteresowania naukowe koncentrują się na teoriach międzynarodowej współpracy naukowej, produktywności badawczej, stratyfikacji w nauce i badaniu globalnych elit akademickich, łącząc międzynarodowe badania ankietowe i badania bibliometryczne. Opublikował ok. 200 prac, a jego najnowsza monografia to Changing European Academics: A Comparative Study of Social Stratification, Work Patterns and Research Productivity (Routledge 2019). Był kierownikiem w 25 międzynarodowych projektach badawczych i w ostatniej dekadzie dla swoich zespołów badawczych zdobył w formie grantów 8 mln PLN. Jest członkiem rady redakcyjnej Higher Education Quarterly, European Educational Research Journal, British Educational Research Journal oraz European Journal of Higher Education, www.cpp.amu.edu.pl.

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