Keywords
Fiume exploit
Gabriele D’Annunzio
How to Cite
Abstract
Between 1917 and 1923, as European continental empires were shattering after the lost world war and new nation-states were created on their ruins, several radical political-ideological movements emerged as well, employing various types of (para)military violence to achieve their goals. In the post-imperial context, (para)military violence was particularly employed in numerous conflicts over new boundary demarcations in the areas known as shatter zones (Bartov, Weitz, 2013) in former multi-ethnic empires, areas for which national activists had been disputing for decades. D’Annunzio’s occupation of Rijeka in 1919/1920 is considered one of the most significant examples of postimperial border conflicts. In this paper, two literary stagings of the border dispute around Habsburg Rijeka will be presented: Giovanni Comisso’s Il porto dell’amore and Viktor Car Emin’s Danuncijada, two very different, but thematically closely related reflections on D’Annunzio’s Fiume exploit.
References
Car Emin, V. (1999/1946). Danuncijada. Romansirana kronisterija riječke tragikomedije 1919.–1921. Ur. K. Nemec. Vinkovci: Riječ.
Car Emin, V. (1956). Djela I–II. Ur. A. Rojnić. Zagreb: Zora.
Comisso, G. (1971/1924). Il porto dell’amore. Milano: Longanesi.
Dante A. (1976). Djela. Knjiga druga. Božanstvena komedija. Prev. M. Kombol i M. Maras. Zagreb: SN Liber – NZ Matice hrvatske.
Accame Bobbio, A. (1973). Giovanni Comisso. Milano: Mursia.
Badurina, N. (2020). D’Annunzio a Fiume: la violenza politica, l’etica e la storia. U: Fiume 1919–2019. Un centenario europeo tra identità, memorie e prospettive di ricerca. Ur. G. B. Guerri. Milano: Silvana Editoriale, str. 197–212.
Bartov, O., Weitz, E. D. (ur.). (2013). Shatterzone of Empires. Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands. Bloomington: Indiana UP. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/6523.0
Bobinac, M. (2020). D’Annunzijeva riječka pustolovina između nasilništva i slobodarstva. O Luci ljubavi Giovannija Comissa. „Književna smotra“, br. 196(2), str. 5–13.
Cattaruzza, M. (2014). L’Italia e la questione adriatica. Dibattiti parlamentari e la situazione internazionale (1918–1926). Bologna: Il mulino.
Čulinović, F. (1953). Riječka država. Od Londonskog pakta i Danuncijade do Rapalla i aneksije Italiji. Zagreb: Školska knjiga.
Eichenberg, J., Newman, J. P. (2010): Introduction. Aftershocks: Violence in Dissolving Empires after the First World War. „Contemporary European History“, vol. 19, br. 3, str. 183–194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777310000111
Fuochi, N. (2006). Giovanni Comisso (1895–1969). U: G. Marrone (ur.). Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies. New York: Routledge, str. 495–496.
Gerwarth, R., Manela, E. (ur.). (2014). Empires at War 1911–1923. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198702511.001.0001
Guerri, G. B. (2023). D’Annunzio. La vita come opera d’arte. Milano: Rizzoli.
Gumbrecht, H. U., Kittler, F., Siegert, B. (ur.). (1996). Der Dichter als Kommandant. D’Annunzio erobert Fiume. München: W. Fink.
Kirchner-Reill, D. (2020). The Fiume Crisis. Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire. Cambridge, Mass. – London: Belknap. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2jfvc9j
Klinger, W. (2018). Un’altra Italia: Fiume 1724–1924. Ur. D. Redivo. Rovigno: Centro ricerche storiche – Unione italiana Fiume – Università popolare Trieste.
Ledeen, M. A. (1977). The First Duce. D’Annunzio at Fiume. Baltimore – London: The Johns Hopkins UP.
Manacorda, G. (1980). Storia della letteratura italiana tra le due guerre 1919–1943. Roma: Editori riuniti.
Mayhew, T. (2010). Krvavi Božić 1920. Riječka avantura Gabriela D’Annunzija. Rijeka: Pomorski i povijesni muzej Hrvatskog primorja. https://www.academia.edu/860201/DAnnunzio_-_Božić_1920.
Moravček, G. (2019). Fiume. La storia taciuta. Rijeka: Fluminensiana.
Nemec, K. (1999). Predgovor. U: V. Car Emin. Danuncijada. Romansirana kronisterija riječke tragikomedije 1919.–1921. Vinkovci: Riječ, str. 7–13.
Newman, J. P. (2010). Post-imperial and Post-war Violence in the South Slav Lands, 1917–1923. „Contemporary European History“, vol. 19, br. 3, str. 249–265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777310000159
Pupo, R. (2018). Fiume città di passione. Bari – Roma: Laterza.
Rojnić, A. (1956). Viktor Car Emin. U: V. Car Emin. Djela I. Zagreb: Zora, str. 5–44.
Roshwald, A. (2001). Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires. Central Europe, Russia and the Middle East, 1914–1923. London – New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203187722
Salaris, C. (2008/2002). Alla festa della rivoluzione. Artisti e libertari con D’Annunzio a Fiume. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Schimanski, J., Wolfe, S. (ur.). (2017). Border Aesthetics: Concepts and Intersections. New York: Berghahn. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw048vh
Siegert, B., Budisavljević, B. (1996). Krieg um Fiume. Eine Chronologie. U: H. U. Gumbrecht et al. (ur.). Der Dichter als Kommandant. D’Annunzio erobert Fiume. München: W. Fink, str. 11–23.
Toševa-Karpowitz, Lj. (2007). D’Annunzio u Rijeci. Rijeka: Izdavački centar.
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Marijan Bobinac
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.