Schlagworte
the United States
equal opportunity
cultural diversity
Harvard University
Zitationsvorschlag
Abstract
Affirmative action was introduced to the American universities in the 1960s. The aim of this policy was to benefit the underrepresented groups, especially African Americans both in the higher education and the job market. The affirmative action was introduced to ensure equal opportunities as well as cultural diversity. The policy of Harvard University towards African Americans, Asian Americans and the other excluded groups was analyzed in this article. Moreover, the attempt to reconstruct the current debate about outcomes of the affirmative action was made. The article also tries to answer the following questions: did the affirmative action increase the number of the minority groups at Harvard University? Has the policy of equal opportunities eliminated inequalities or, on the contrary has it deepened them?Literaturhinweise
Bethell J.T., R.M. Hunt, R. Shenton. 2004. Harvard A to Z. London.
Banks J.A. 2008. Diversity and Citizenship Education in Global Times. W Education for Citizenship and Democracy. London.
Bills D.B. 2004. The Sociology of Education and Work. Oxford
Black A.E. 2002. „African American and White Elites Confront Racial Issues”. Society, May-June.
Bradley R. 2005. Harvard Rules. Lawrence Summers and the Battle for the World’s Most Powerful University. New York.
Castells M. 2009. Siła tożsamości. Warszawa.
Egan T. 2007. „Little Asia on the Hill”. New York Times 7.01.
Gmerek T. 2003. Kapitalizm, edukacja, nierówność społeczna (teoria reprodukcji ekonomicznej S. Bowlesa i H. Gintisa). W Edukacja i stratyfikacja społeczna. Poznań.
Gmerek T. 2011. Edukacja i nierówności społeczne. Studium porównawcze na przykładzie Anglii, Hiszpanii i Rosji. Kraków.
Hejwosz D. 2010. Edukacja uniwersytecka i kreowanie elit społecznych. Kraków.
Heater D. 2004. A History of Education for Citizenship. London - New York.
Hurn C.J. 1978. The Limits and Possibilities of Schooling. An Introduction to the Sociology of Education. Boston.
Karabel J. 2005. The Chosen. New York, Boston.
Keller M., P. Keller. 2001. Making Harvard Modern. The Rise of America’s University. New York.
Klitgaard R. 1985. Choosing Elites. New York.
Lewin, T. 2007. „Colleges Regroup after Voters Ban Race Preferences”. New York Times 26.01.
Lundberg S.J., R. Stratz. 2000. Inequality and Race: Models and Policy. W Meritocracy and Economic Inequality. Princeton.
Martel F. 2008. Polityka kulturalna Stanów Zjednoczonych. Warszawa.
Melosik Z. 2002. Uniwersytet i społeczeństwo. Dyskursy wolności, wiedzy i władzy. Poznań.
Melosik Z. 2003. Edukacja uniwersytecka i stratyfikacja społeczna. W Edukacja i stratyfikacja społeczna. Poznań.
Melosik Z. 2007. Teoria i praktyka edukacji wielokulturowej. Kraków.
Rhodes F.H.T. 2001. The Creation of the Future. The Role of the American university. Ithaca & London.
Roemer J.E. 2000. Equality of Opportunity. W Meritocracy and Economic Inequality. Princeton
Schlesinger A. 2005. Veritas. Harvard College and the American Experience. Chicago.
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2017 Daria Hejwosz
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International.