Aesthetics, Capitalism, and Control: TV Series as Spectacle
Journal cover Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication, volume 40, no. 49, year 2026, title Streaming: Production Culture, Business Models, and Content. Context in Practice
PDF

Keywords

binge-watching
narrative complexity
productive apathy
algorithms
spectacle
TV series

How to Cite

Wojtyna, M. (2026). Aesthetics, Capitalism, and Control: TV Series as Spectacle. Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication, 40(49), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.14746/i.2026.40.49.8

Abstract

This article examines the contemporary TV series as a cultural form central to platform capitalism in general and to streaming services in particular. It argues that the aesthetic complexity of many key series—manifested in narrative composition, visual spectacle, and bingeable segmentation—is tightly bound to algorithmic control platforms aim to exercise, transforming viewer engagement into cognitive labour. Analysing the aesthetic foundations of binge-watching, as well as the logic of the recommendation systems that generates it, the article shows how aesthetic complexity conceals the commodification of attention, taste, and identity. Serial narratives become instruments of ideological control, turning interpretive effort into productive apathy. Drawing on Horkheimer and Adorno, as well as contemporary TV series criticism, the article frames the TV series as a spectacle of control characteristic of many trends in digital capitalism.

https://doi.org/10.14746/i.2026.40.49.8
PDF

References

Adorno Theodor W., Prologue to Television, [in:] Theodor W. Adorno, Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords, Columbia University Press, New York 2005, pp. 49–57.

Allrath Gaby, Gymnich Marion, Narrative Strategies in Television Series, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2005.

Appadurai Arjun, Alexander Neta, Failure, Polity, Cambridge 2020.

Bandirali Luca, Terrone Enrico, Concept TV: An Aesthetics of Television Series, Lexington Books, Lanham 2021.

Beller Jonathan, The Cinematic Mode of Production: Attention Economy and the Society of the Spectacle, Dartmouth College Press, Hanover, NH 2006.

Benson-Allott Caetlin, Remote Control, Bloomsbury, New York 2015.

Binge-Watching and Contemporary Television Studies, ed. Jenner Mareike, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2021.

Broe Dennis, Birth of the Binge: Serial TV and the End of Leisure, Wayne State University Press, Detroit 2019.

Cheney-Lippold John, We Are Data: Algorithms and the Making of Our Digital Selves, New York University Press, New York 2017.

Debord Guy, Society of the Spectacle, trans. Ken Knabb, Rebel Press, London 2005.

Elliott Anthony, Algorithms of Anxiety: Fear in the Digital Age, Polity, Cambridge 2024.

A European Television Fiction Renaissance: Premium Production Models and Transnational Circulation, eds. Luca Barra, Massimo Scaglioni, Routledge, London 2021.

Gillespie Tarleton, The Relevance of Algorithms, [in:] Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society, eds. Tarleton Gillespie, Pablo J. Boczkowski, Kirsten A. Foot, MIT Press Cambridge, MA 2014, pp. 167–194.

Hackman Rose, Emotional Labor: The Invisible Work Shaping Our Lives and How to Reclaim Our Power, Flatiron Books, New York 2023.

Hochschild Arlie Russell, The Managed Heart: Commercialisation of Human Feeling, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA 2012.

Horkheimer Max, Adorno Theodore W., Dialectic of Enlightenment, Herder and Herder, New York 1947.

Ibrahim Yasmin, Production of the “Self” in the Digital Age, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2018.

Jenner Mareike, Netflix and the Re-Invention of Television, Springer International Publishing, Berlin 2018.

Kozak Lynn, Zeller-Jacques Martin, Hemingway Tom et al., Bingeing Narratives: Conclusion, [in:] Binge-Watching and Contemporary Television Studies, ed. Mareike Jenner, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2021.

Mittell Jason, Complex TV The Poetics of Contemporary Television Storytelling, New York University Press New York 2015.

Srnicek Nick, Platform Capitalism, Polity Press, Cambridge 2017.

Sternberg Meir, Expositional Modes and Temporal Ordering in Fiction, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1971.

Striphas Ted, Algorithmic Culture, “European Journal of Cultural Studies” 2015, vol. 18, no. 4–5, pp. 395–412.

Striphas Ted, The Late Age of Print: Everyday Book Culture from Consumerism to Control, Columbia University Press, New York 2009.

Wansbrough Aleks, Capitalism and the Enchanted Screen: Myths and Allegories in the Digital Age, Bloomsbury Academic, New York 2021.

Wojtyna Miłosz, From Disneyization to Netflixification: Algorithms and the Production of Taste, “Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich” 2025, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 69–81.

Wojtyna Miłosz, Miceli Barbara, Zgierska Roksana, Reading TV Series: Aesthetics, Themes, and Reception, Peter Lang, Berlin 2022.