Résumé
Reading constitutes for one of the most important activities, both in work and in education. There are three major components to reading: comprehension, decoding and reading speed. The relationship between comprehension and reading speed is a tradeoff; after reaching a certain peak one has to decrease for the other to increase. The knowledge of how fast an average person reads can be a useful tool in planning any activity that requires the use of text, such as a language course. To date Polish linguistics lacks relevant research on the speed of reading with comprehension. The following paper presents part of the doctoral project that aims to answer the questions “How fast and with what level of understanding do Poles read?” The paper sums up two research studies which examined the reading speed and comprehension in Polish of students in the final year of high school and in grade 8 of Polish primary school. Both groups read a non-specific text of medium-difficulty about Sherlock Holmes and completed a 9-item comprehension test. The high school students on average scored 77% on the comprehension test with an average reading speed of 173 words per minute (wpm). On the same text, primary school students scored 66% and read at 156 wpm.
Références
Alderson J. C. (2000), Assessing Reading. Cambridge: Univeristy Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203891643-6
Altarriba J., Kroll J. F., Sholl A., Rayner K. (1996), The influence of lexical and conceptual constraints on reading mixed- language sentences: Evidence from eye fixations and naming times. "Memory and Cognition", nr 24(4), s. 477-492. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200936
Braslavski P., Petras V., Likhosherstov V., Gäde M. (2016), Ten Months of Digital Reading: An Exploratory Log Study, (w:) Fuhr N., Kovács L., Risse T., Nejdl W. (red.), Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries. Kopenhaga: Springer International Publishing, s. 392-397.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43997-6_32
Breznitz Z. (1997), Reading Rate Acceleration: Developmental Aspects. "Journal of Genetic Psychology", nr 158(4), s. 427-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221329709596680
Breznitz Z. (2008), Fluency in Reading. Synchronization of Processes. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Brysbaert M. (2019), How many words do we read per minute? A review and meta-analysis of reading rate. "Journal of Memory and Language", nr 109(Kwiecień), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.104047
Buari N. H., Chen A. H., Musa N. (2014), Comparison of reading speed with 3 different log-scaled reading charts. "Journal of Optometry", nr 7(4), s. 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2013.12.009
Carver R. P. (1976), Word length, prose difficulty, and reading rate. "Journal of Literacy Research", nr 8(2), s. 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/10862967609547176
Carver R. P. (1977), Toward a Theory of Reading Comprehension and Rauding. "Reading Research Quarterly", nr 13(1), s. 8-63. https://doi.org/10.2307/747588
Carver, R. P. (1982), Optimal Rate of Reading Prose. "Reading Research Quarterly", nr 18(1), s. 56-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/747538
Carver R. P. (1983), Is Reading Rate Constant or Flexible? "Reading Research Quarterly", nr 18(2), s. 190-215. https://doi.org/10.2307/747517
Carver R. P. (1984), Rauding Theory Predictions of Amount Comprehended under Different Purposes and Speed Reading Conditions. "Reading Research Quarterly", nr 19(2), s. 205-218. https://doi.org/10.2307/747363
Carver R. P. (1985), How Good Are Some of the World's Best Readers? "Reading Research Quarterly", nr 20(4), s. 389. https://doi.org/10.2307/747851
Carver R. P. (1989), Silent reading rates in grade equivalents. "Journal of Literacy Research", nr 21(2), s. 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10862968909547667
Carver R. P. (1992), Reading rate: Theory, Research, and Practical Implications. "Journal of Reading", nr 36(2), s. 84-95.
Ciuffo M., Myers J., Ingrassia M., Milanese A., Venuti M., Alquino A., Baradello A., Stella G., Gagliano A. (2017), How fast can we read in the mind? Developmental trajectories of silent reading fluency. "Reading and Writing", nr 30(8), s. 1667-1686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-017-9744-2
Coltheart M. (2005), Modeling Reading: The Dual-Route Approach, (w:) Snowling M.J., Hulme C. (red.), The Science of Reading: A Handbook. Oxford: Blackwell, s. 6-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470757642.ch1
Courage M. L. (2017), Screen Media and the Youngest Viewers: Implications for Attention and Learning, (w:) Cognitive Development in Digital Contexts. San Diego: Elsevier Inc, s. 3-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809481-5.00001-8
Delgado P. Vargas C., Ackerman R., Salmerón L. (2018), Don't throw away your printed books: A meta-analysis on the effects of reading media on reading comprehension. "Educational Research Review", nr 25(Listopad), s. 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.09.003
Ehrlich E. (1963), Opinions differ on speed reading. "National Education Association Journal", nr 52, s. 45-46.
Grabe W. (2009), Reading in a Second Language: Moving from Theory to Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01151.x
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. (2020), Oświata i wychowanie w roku szkolnym 2019/2020. Online:https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/edukacja/edukacja/oswiata-i-wychowanie-w-roku-szkolnym-20192020,1,15.html [DW:03.08.2022].
Hoover W. A., Gough P. B. (1990), The Simple View of Reading. "Reading and Writing", nr 2, s. 127-160. https://doi.org/10.1145/504412.504413
Joshi R. M., Aaron P. G. (2002), Naming speed and word familiarity as confounding factors in decoding. "Journal of Research in Reading", nr 25(2), s. 160-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.00166
Kolić-Vehovec S., Bajšanski I. (2007), Comprehension monitoring and reading comprehension in bilingual students. "Journal of Research in Reading", nr 30(2), s. 198-211; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2006.00319.x
Korinth S. P., Fiebach C. J. (2018), Improving Silent Reading Performance Through Feedback on Eye Movements: A Feasibility Study. "Scientific Studies of Reading", nr 22(4), s. 289-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2018.1439036
Kwon H., Linderholm T. (2015), Reading speed as a constraint of accuracy of self-perception of reading skill. "Journal of Research in Reading", nr 38(2), s. 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12013
Moździerz T. (2020), Długość przeciętnego polskiego wyrazu w tekstach pisanych w świetle analizy korpusowej. "Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców", nr 27, s. 177-192. https://doi.org/10.18778/0860-6587.27.09
R Core Team (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
Rayner K., Schotter E. R., Masson M. E. J., Potter M. C., Treiman R. (2016), So much to read, so little time: How do we read, and can speed reading help?, "Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Supplement" nr 17(1), s. 4-34.https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615623267
Seretny A., Lipińska E. (2005), ABC Metodyki nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego, Kraków: Universitas.
Seretny A. (2016), Stopień trudności słowa w perspektywie glottodydaktycznej. "Języki obce w szkole", nr 60(1), s. 17-26.
Smith F., Lott Holmes D. (1971), The Independence of Letter, Word, and Meaning Identification in Reading. "Reading Research Quarterly", nr 6(3), s. 394-415. https://doi.org/10.2307/747127
Stanovich K. E. (1986), Matthew Effects in Reading: Some Consequences of Individual Differences in the Acquisition of Literacy. "Reading Research Quarterly", nr 21(4), s. 360-407. https://doi.org/10.1598/rrq.21.4.1
Taylor S. (1965), Eye Movements in Reading: Facts and Fallacies. "American Educational Research Journal", nr 2(4), s. 187-202. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312002004187
Walczyk J. J. (2000), The Interplay Between Automatic and Control Processes in Reading. "Reading Research Quarterly", nr 35(4), s. 554-566. https://doi.org/10.1598/rrq.35.4.7
https://jasnopis.pl/# [DW:04.08.2022]
https://www.spyshop.pl/blog/sherlock-holmes-ktory-istnial-naprawde-kto-zainspirowal-arthura-doylea/ [DW 01.08.2022]
Licence
© Tomasz Moździerz 2022
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Auteurs :
Les auteurs de textes acceptés pour publication dans la revue Neofilolog sont tenus de remplir, signer et renvoyer à l'adresse de la rédaction, un accord sur l'octroi d'une licence gratuite pour les œuvres, avec obligation d'accorder une sous-licence CC.
En vertu de cet accord, les auteurs des textes publiés dans la revue Neofilolog accordent à l'Université Adam Mickiewicz de Poznań une licence non exclusive et gratuite et permettent l'utilisation de la sous-licence Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0).
Les auteurs se réservent le droit de disposer librement de l'œuvre.
Utilisateurs :
Les utilisateurs d'Internet intéressés ont le droit d'utiliser les œuvres publiées à partir de l'année 2017 sous réserve des conditions suivantes :
- reconnaissance de la qualité d'auteur - l'obligation de fournir des informations sur la qualité d'auteur, le titre, la source (liens vers l'œuvre originale, DOI) et la licence, ainsi que l'œuvre distribuée ;
- sans créer d'œuvres dérivées - l'œuvre doit être conservée dans sa forme originale, p. ex. les traductions ou les interprétations ne peuvent être distribuées sans le consentement de l'auteur.
Tous les textes publiés sont soumis au droit d'auteur.
Autres :
L'Université Adam Mickiewicz de Poznań se réserve le droit à la revue dans son ensemble (mise en page, forme graphique, titre, conception de la couverture, logo, etc.).
.