Résumé
Learners’ perceptions of teacher assessment practices shape a unique classroom assessment environment that affects learners’ willingness to engage in a task and motivation to learn (McMillan & Workman, 1998). Still, there has been limited research on learners’ perceptions of classroom and high-stakes assessment. This article outlines a study exploring adolescent learners’ perceptions of the speaking and writing assessment they experience in the English classroom. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was used to examine both positive and negative instances of oral and written assessment. During oral interviews, the learners reported and elaborated on the assessment experiences they personally perceived as particularly important, memorable and influential. The transcriptions of the interviews were content analysed in order to identify the properties of oral and written assessment that appeared salient to adolescent learners. The study indicates that the participants held predominantly positive views of oral and written assessment, emphasising such aspects as authenticity of assessment, freedom of expression and fair grading. It is worrying, however, that learners are not always provided with clearly articulated assessment criteria and that oral assessment is visibly neglected in the classroom.
Références
Aitken E. N. (2011), Student voice in fair assessment practice (in) Webber C. F., Lupart J. L. (eds.), Leading student assessment. Studies in educational leadership. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 175-200.
Bachman L. (1990), Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bachman L., Palmer A. (1996), Language testing and practice. Hong Kong: OUP
Brookhart S. M. (2004), Classroom assessment: Tensions and intersections in theory and practice (in) “Teachers College Record”, No 106, pp. 429-458.
Brooks J. G., Brooks M. (1993), In search of understanding: The case for constructivist classrooms. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
Chell E. (1998), Critical incident technique (in) Symon G., Cassell C. (eds.), Qualitative methods and analysis in organizational research. London: Sage, pp. 51-72.
Czura A. (2013), Implementing portfolio assessment in lower-secondary school (in) “ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries”, No 10 (1), pp. 83-94.
Czura A. (2016),Wpływ oceny koleżeńskiej na lęk przed pisaniem u studentów (in) “Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja”, No 19 (4), pp. 97-114.
Czura A. (2017), Adolescent learner perceptions of foreign language assessment: Critical incident analysis (in) “Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics”, No 44(2), pp. 25-39.
Ellis M. (2015), Learning and teaching foreign languages in lower secondary school (BUNJO 2012): Implications for the education of teachers of English (in) “Neofilolog”, No 44 (2), pp. 171-182.
Ellis M. (2018), The impact of a national examination in foreign language on teaching, learning and the work of schools. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie.
Ene E., Hryniuk K. (2016),Worlds apart, but in the same boat: How macro-level policy influences ELF writing pedagogy in China, Mexico, and Poland (in) Ruecker T., Crusan D. (eds.), The Politics of English Second Language Writing Assessment in Global Contexts. New York: Routledge, pp. 15-28
Entwistle N. J., Entwistle A. (1991), Contrasting forms of understanding for degree examinations: the student experience and its implications (in) “Higher Education”, No 22, pp. 205-227.
Finch A. (2010), Critical incidents and language learning: Sensitivity to initial conditions (in) “System”, No 38 (3), pp. 422-431.
Flanagan J. C. (1954), The critical incident technique (in) “Psychological Bulletin”, No 51(4), pp. 327-358.
Freire P. (1970), Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.
Fullan M. (1991), The new meaning of educational change. New York: Teachers College Press.
Gabryś-Barker D. (2012), Reflectivity in pre-service teacher education. A survey of theory and practice. Katowice: University of Silesia Press.
Gajewska-Dyszkiewicz A., Marczak M., Paczuska K., Pitura J., Kutyłowska K. (2015). Efekty nauczania języka angielskiego na III etapie edukacyjnym. Raport końcowy Badania uczenia się i nauczania języków obcych w gimnazjum i Badania umiejętności mówienia. Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych.
Gremler D. D. (2004). The critical incident technique in service research (in) “Journal of Service Research”, No 7(1), pp. 65-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670504266138
Huhta A., Kalaja P., Pitkänen-Huhta A. (2006). Discursive construction of a highstakes test: The many faces of a test-taker (in) “Language Testing”, No 23(3), pp. 326-350. https://doi.org/10.1191/0265532206lt331oa
Jacobs G. M., Renandya W. A. (2016), Student-centred learning in ELT (in) Renandya W. A., Widodo H. (eds.), English language teaching today: Linking theory and practice. Switzerland: Springer, pp. 13-24.
Kelly S. P., Weiner S. G., Anderson P. D., Irish J., Ciottone G., Pini R., Griffoni S., Rosen P., Ban K. M. (2010). Learner perception of oral and written examinations in an international medical training program (in) “International Journal of Emergency Medicine,” No 3(1), pp. 21-26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12245-009-0147-2.
Kremmel B., Eberharter K., Maurer M. (2018), Righting Writing Practices? An exam reform’s impact on L2 writing teaching and assessment (in) Ruecker T., Crusan D. (eds.), The Politics of English Second Language Writing Assessment in Global Contexts. New York: Routledge, pp. 122-137.
Lambert L. (2003), Leadership capacity for lasting school improvement. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Lee I. (2005), Error correction in the L2 writing classroom: What do students think? (in) “TESL Canada Journal,” No 22(2), pp. 1-16.
Lee H. H., Leong A. P., Song G. (2016), Investigating teacher perceptions of feedback (in) “ELT Journal”, No 71(1), pp. 60-68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccw047
Leki I. (1991), The preferences of ESL students for error correction in college -level writing classes (in) “Foreign Language Annals”, No 24(3), pp. 203-218.
Leung C. (2004), Developing formative teacher assessment: Knowledge, practice and change (in) “Language Assessment Quarterly”, No 1, pp. 19-41.
Luoma S. (2004), Assessing Speaking. New York: Cambridge University Press.
McClure J. W. (2007), International graduates’ cross-cultural adjustment: experiences, coping strategies, and suggested programmatic responses (in) “Teaching in Higher Education”, 12 (2), pp. 199-217. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562510701191976
McMartin-Miller C. (2014), How much feedback is enough? Instructor practices and student attitudes toward error treatment in second language writing (in) “Assessing Writing,” No 19, pp. 24-35.
McMillan J. H., Workman D. J. (1998), Classroom assessment and grading practices: A review of the literature, Richmond, VA: Metropolitan Educational Research Consortium. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED453263)
McNamara T. (1998), Policy and social considerations in language assessment (in) “Annual Review of Applied Linguistics”, No 18, pp. 304-319.
Messick S. (1981), Evidence and ethics in the evaluation of tests (in) “Educational Researcher”, No 10, pp. 9-20.
Messick S. (1989), Validity (in) Linn R. (ed.), Educational measurement. New York: ACE/Macmillan, pp. 447-474.
Muñoz, A., Alvares, M.E. (2007), Students’ objectivity and perception of self-assessment in an EFL classroom(in) “The Journal of Asia TEFL”, No 4(2), pp. 1-25.
Nevo D. (1996), School based evaluation. Oxford: Pergamon University Press Pajares F. (1992), Teachers’ belief and educational research: Cleaning up a messy construct. (in) “Review of Educational Research”, No 62(3), pp. 307-322.
Sahinkarakas S. (2012), The role of teaching experience on teachers’ perceptions of language assessment (in) “Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences”, No 47, pp. 1787-1792. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.901
Shohamy E. (2001), The power of tests: A critical perspective on the uses of language test London: Longman.
Tripp D. (1993), Critical incidents in teaching: Developing professional judgment. New York: Routledge.
Vavla, L., Gokaj R. (2013), Learner’s perceptions of assessment and testing in EFL classrooms in Albania (in) “Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences”, No 4 (11), pp. 509-515. doi:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p509
Xiao, Y., Carless D. R. (2013), Illustrating students’ perceptions of English language assessment: Voices from China (in) “RELC Journal,” No 44(3), pp. 319-340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688213500595
Zawadowska-Kittel E. (2013), Nowa Matura z języków obcych: szanse i zagrożenia. Piaseczno: Studio LEXEM.
Licence
© Neofilolog 2019
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Auteurs :
Les auteurs de textes acceptés pour publication dans la revue Neofilolog sont tenus de remplir, signer et renvoyer à l'adresse de la rédaction, un accord sur l'octroi d'une licence gratuite pour les œuvres, avec obligation d'accorder une sous-licence CC.
En vertu de cet accord, les auteurs des textes publiés dans la revue Neofilolog accordent à l'Université Adam Mickiewicz de Poznań une licence non exclusive et gratuite et permettent l'utilisation de la sous-licence Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0).
Les auteurs se réservent le droit de disposer librement de l'œuvre.
Utilisateurs :
Les utilisateurs d'Internet intéressés ont le droit d'utiliser les œuvres publiées à partir de l'année 2017 sous réserve des conditions suivantes :
- reconnaissance de la qualité d'auteur - l'obligation de fournir des informations sur la qualité d'auteur, le titre, la source (liens vers l'œuvre originale, DOI) et la licence, ainsi que l'œuvre distribuée ;
- sans créer d'œuvres dérivées - l'œuvre doit être conservée dans sa forme originale, p. ex. les traductions ou les interprétations ne peuvent être distribuées sans le consentement de l'auteur.
Tous les textes publiés sont soumis au droit d'auteur.
Autres :
L'Université Adam Mickiewicz de Poznań se réserve le droit à la revue dans son ensemble (mise en page, forme graphique, titre, conception de la couverture, logo, etc.).
.